We introduce the Coerced Markov Model (CMM) to model the relationship between the lexical sequence of a source language and the tag sequence of a target language, with the objective of constraining search in statistical transfer-based machine translation systems. CMMs differ from standard hidden Markov models in that state sequence assignments can take on values coerced from external sources. G...

This paper presents a new modified Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm based on canonical signed-digit (CSD) representation, and sliding window method. In this modified Montgomery modular multiplication algorithm, signed-digit recoding technique is used in order to increase probability of the zero bits. Also sliding window method is used in order to reduce the multiplication steps consi...

We are developing an instrument, the Geometry Measuring Machine (GEMM), to measure the profile errors of aspheric and free form optical surfaces, with measurement uncertainties near 1 nm. Using GEMM, an optical profile is reconstructed from local curvatures of a surface, which are measured at points on the optic's surface. We will describe a prototype version of GEMM, its repeatability with tim...

BACKGROUND Two genes have been implicated in the development of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). CDK4 (the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase 4, an oncogene) has exhibited germline mutations found in only three melanoma-prone families to date. CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes p16 (which inhibits activity of the cyclin D1-CDK4 complex) with germline mutations detected in 10%-...

Congenital malignant melanoma (CMM) is a rare condition that is defined as malignant melanoma recognized at birth. CMM may develop in utero in one of three ways: (1) transmission by metastasis through the placenta from a mother with melanoma; (2) primary melanoma arising within a giant congenital melanocytic naevus (GCMN); (3) primary de novo cutaneous CMM arising in utero. CMM can be confused ...

Salicylic acid (SA) is known to be involved in the immunity against Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. (Cmm) that causes bacterial canker tomato. To identify candidate genes associated with SA-inducible Cmm resistance, transcriptome analysis was conducted via RNA sequencing tomato plants treated SA. SA treatment upregulated various defense-associated genes, such as PR and GST cotyledons. A comparis...

The main objective of this study was to assess whether cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) shows a stronger relation with the melanocytic nevi count at the site where CMM was diagnosed than with the melanocytic nevi count at other sites, stratifying by histologic CMM type, in a southern Mediterranean population. Cases and controls were selected from a population in southern Spain in 1988-1993. T...

The homeobox family and its subset of HOX gene products represent a family of transcription factors directing DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions. In the embryo, they are central regulators in cell differentiation during morphogenesis. A series of genes of the four HOX gene clusters A, B, C, and D were reported to show aberrant expressions in oncogenesis, particularly in cutaneous mali...

To evaluate whether previously observed associations between parity and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) risk in women reflected a biologic mechanism or resulted from uncontrolled confounding by lifestyle factors associated with parity (e.g., patterns of sun exposure), the authors investigated the effect of reproductive history (parenthood) on CMM risk in both women and men. Using information...