In many organisms, food availability is a proximate cue that synchronizes seasonal development of the reproductive system with optimal environmental conditions. Growth of the gonads and secondary sexual characteristics is orchestrated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, our understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which food availability modulates activity of the ...

Stress is a well-known cause of reproductive dysfunction in many species, including birds, rodents, and humans, though males and females may respond differently. A powerful way to investigate how stress affects reproduction is by examining its effects on a biological system essential for regulating reproduction, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Often this is done by observing how ...

لقد کانت العمارة الدینیة من اهم المیادین التی محور اهتمام المرأة ونساء الخلفاء والامراء والصالحین العلماء وغیرهم، کبناء الاربطة والإنفاق علیها، والاهتمام بترمیمها وصیانتها فی مختلف الأمصار الإسلامیة، فبدأ ظهور بنائها الدولة الإسلامیة منذ العهد الراشدی کما زاد اعتناء ببناء الأربطة الأقالیم الإِسلامیة ولاسیَّما العصور العباسیة المتأخرة والغرض منها الأجر والثواب. تعد الربط مبررات الخیریة ساهمت بشکل و...

El Valle de Lerma (VDL) es una región ubicada en la parte central provincia Salta, República Argentina, cual da origen a mayor producción láctea provincial. La nematodiasis gastrointestinal uno los problemas sanitarios impacto económico sistemas productivos base pastoril. objetivo este trabajo fue caracterizar variación estacional eliminación huevos y géneros nematodos al medio ambiente. Mensua...

BACKGROUND This study tested factors affecting mouse follicle growth in vitro, to determine end-points marking follicle function in vitro. METHODS Pre-antral follicles (mean 137 microm) from B6CBF1 mice were cultured in a substrate-adherent system for < or = 14 days. FSH (0-1000 mIU/ml) day of HCG (1.5 IU/ml days 9-14) protein supplement [fetal calf serum (FCS) (x2) mouse serum (x2) hypogonad...

A key problem in the engineering of pathways for the production of pharmaceutical compounds is the limited diversity of biosynthetic enzymes, which restricts the attainability of suitable traits such as less harmful byproducts, enhanced expression features, or different cofactor requirements. A promising synthetic biology approach is to redesign the biosynthetic pathway by replacing the native ...

The peptide antibiotic ramoplanin inhibits bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis by interrupting late-stage membrane-associated glycosyltransferase reactions catalyzed by the transglycosylase and MurG enzymes. The mechanism of ramoplanin involves sequestration of lipid-anchored PG biosynthesis intermediates, physically occluding these substrates from proper utilization by these enzymes. In ...

Streptomyces lavendulae produces complestatin, a cyclic peptide natural product that antagonizes pharmacologically relevant protein-protein interactions including formation of the C4b,2b complex in the complement cascade and gp120-CD4 binding in the HIV life cycle. Complestatin, a member of the vancomycin group of natural products, consists of an alpha-ketoacyl hexapeptide backbone modified by ...

Testicular development is arrested in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse due to a congenital deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone synthesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic treatment of these mice with estradiol induces testicular maturation and qualitatively normal spermatogenesis, but it is not known whether these are direct effects via estrogen receptors express...