1. Aktuell werden 16% aller Fledermausarten als „gefährdet“ eingestuft und Fledermauspopulationen sind weltweit von einem starken Rückgang betroffen. Ein Hauptgrund dafür ist der Mangel an natürlichen Quartieren in den heutigen intensiv genutzten Wirtschaftswäldern, welchen Baumhöhlen -spalten selten sind. Häufig daher Fledermauskästen angebracht, um zu kompensieren. Empfehlungen für die Anbrin...

objective: the purpose of the present study was to assess the microleakage of composite restorations with and without a cervical amalgam base and to compare the results of dif-ferent composites and bonding agents. materials and methods: one hundred and twenty mesio-occlusal (mo) and disto-occlusal (do) class ii cavities were prepared on sixty extracted permanent premolar teeth. the teeth were r...

background: fusobacterium necrophorum as a non-spore-forming gram-negative anaerobic bacillus is an important human and animal pathogen. it may cause severe systemic infections (lemierre's syndrome) and some other infections. the aim of this study was to subtype fusobacterium necrophorum by using pcr methods. materials and methods: twenty five strains of fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies fun...

introduction: estrogen is one of the gonadal hormones that has multiple beneficial actions in central nervous system and involves in learning and memory. alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs patient memory. the human nucleus basalis of meynert (nbm) is severely affected in alzheimer's disease. so in this study the effect of peripheral (intr...

youssef ismael – iraqi great artist – is one of the nobles in playwriting either in writing or in criticism. al – aani has enjoyed beresht’s theories and ideas while his idea were based on political requirements which was dominant in that era; he wanted to choose a frame for playwriting which considered all types of people of the society. the present article which is analytical – descriptive, s...