In this paper, we introduce a discrete-time higher-order Markov-switching (HMS) model for measuring the risk of a portfolio. We suppose that the logarithmic returns from a risky portfolio is governed by a HMS model with the drift and the volatility switch over time according to the states of a discrete-time higher-order hidden Markov model (HHMM). We interpret the states of the HHMM as unobserv...

Trophoblasts are fetal epithelial cells that form an interface between mother and offspring. To evaluate their anti-inflammatory capacity, we tested the hypothesis that trophoblasts deactivate neutrophils using single-cell assays. Several biophysical (Ca2+ and NAD(P)H oscillation frequency) and physiological (oxidant production) markers of activated neutrophils revert to a nonactivated phenotyp...

Telomere length has a biological link to cancer, with excessive telomere shortening leading to genetic instability and resultant malignant transformation. Telomere length is heritable and genetic variants determining telomere length have been identified. Telomere biology has been implicated in the development of hematological malignancies (HMs), therefore, closer examination of telomere length ...

A 45-year-old male patient was evaluated because of involuntary spasms in his right masseter muscle. Five years before, following an acute respiratory insufficiency which required endotracheal intubation, he had presented with dysarthria, bilateral (predominantly right) supranuclear facial and hypoglossal palsy, and inability to achieve tongue protrusion, difficulty in chewing and bilateral dys...

Late leaf spot (LLS) is one of the most serious foliar diseases affecting peanut worldwide leading to huge yield loss. To understand the genetic basis of LLS and assist breeding in the future, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for LLS and three plant-type-related traits including height of main stem (HMS), length of the longest branch (LLB) and total number of branches (TNB)....

This paper describes research based on the HMS or Holonic Manufacturing Systems concept, which was elaborated in the IMS Test Case N° 5. First, the paper discusses the HMS paradigm. Second, it presents a number of fundamental properties of complex adaptive systems. Third, examples demonstrate how the insights of the previous section have an impact on the design and architecture of distributed m...

During postnatal motoneuron development, the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha subunit changes from alpha2 (fetal) to alpha1 (adult). To study the effect this change has on ethanol potentiation of GlyR currents in hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs), we placed neurons into two groups: neonate [postnatal day 1 to 3 (P1-3)], primarily expressing alpha2, and juvenile (P9-13), primarily expressing alpha1. We...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether infants (younger than 1 year old) had similar clinical benefits with individualized anticoagulation management as older children and adult undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). BACKGROUND Individualized heparin and protamine management in older children and adults undergoing CPB has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. METHODS Ninety ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop and validate a reliable clinical prediction rule that could be employed to identify patients at higher likelihood of mortality among those with hematological malignancies (HMs) and bacterial bloodstream infections (BBSIs). METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in nine Italian hematological units. The derivation cohort co...

Riluzole is the sole treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but its therapeutically relevant actions on motor neurons are not well defined. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were made from hypoglossal motor neurons (HMs, n = 25) in brain stem slices from 10- to 23-day-old rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium to investigate the hypothesis that riluzole inhibits HMs by multiple...