(c) Columns of A are independent. (d) A is tall (i.e., n ≤ m) and full-rank (i.e., rank(A) = min(m,n) = n). Solution: We will show the chain of equivalences (a) =⇒ (b) =⇒ (c) =⇒ (d) =⇒ (a). (a) =⇒ (b): By the rank–nullity theorem, we have dim(N (A)) + rank(A) = n, which implies rank(A) = n (since dim(N (A)) = 0). Since rank(A) = rank(A ), we then have rank(A ) = n. Since rank is equivalent to t...

Ecotourists appreciate nature and are willing to learn about nature and ecology. Th erefore ecotourism is often seen as a product package that supports sustainable tourism development. Th is study contributes to existing research in the fi eld of ecotourism as it investigates how travel motives and environmental concern of mountain tourists infl uences their actual demand for ecotourism. A surv...

OBJECTIVE Describe respiratory health and quality of life in persons exposed to Libby amphibole asbestos (LAA) contaminated vermiculite. DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive. SETTING Asbestos-related disease clinic in Libby, Montana USA. PARTICIPANTS 329 individuals exposed to LAA; mostly men, married, between 50 and 69 years; two-thirds lived in the surrounding county; one-third lived else...

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Emerging evidence has shown that abnormal microRNAs (miRNAs) expression is involved in tumorigenesis. MiR-329 was previously reported to act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in some types of cancer. However, its function in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. Here, we found that miR-329 was down-regulated in GC compared with...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as key regulators of multiple cancers. Hsa-miR-329 (miR-329) functions as a tumor suppressor in some malignancies. However, its role on lung cancer remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-329 on the development of lung cancer. The results indicated that miR-329 was decreased in primary lung cancer tissues compared with matched adjacent no...

class, 381abstraction, 25accept-blocked, 282, 339acceptingdaisy-chain, 291multiple, 291acceptor/signalled stack, 271, 275, 282, 284, 341Achermann, Wilhelm, 20acquire, 188, 191activation point, 91, 136Active, 93active, 80, 129, 266, 332active object, 327Actor model, 420acyclic graph, 16Ada, 1, 5, 33, 37, 44adaptive lock, 187Andr...

1. When is it true? (5 points for each correct answer, -3 point for each wrong answer, 0 point for each blank) Fill in each blank with “always,” “sometimes,” or “never.” For example, • A nonsingular matrix is always invertible. • A square matrix is sometimes full-rank. • A strictly tall matrix is never onto. Here the matrix dimensions are such that each expression makes sense, but they are othe...

The idea behind boosting is to construct an accurate hypothesis from a set of hypotheses that are each guaranteed to perform slightly better than random guessing on particular distributions of data. This idea originally arose from attempts to prove the robustness of the PAC model. By robustness, we mean the notion that slight alterations to the model definitions should not result in dramaticall...