Neural circuit assembly requires selection of specific cell fates, axonal trajectories, and synaptic targets. By analyzing the function of a secreted semaphorin, Sema-2b, in Drosophila olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) development, we identified multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms that link these events. Notch signaling limits Sema-2b expression to ventromedial ORN classes, within which Se...

PURPOSE EURAMOS-1, an international randomized controlled trial, investigated maintenance therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α-2b) in patients whose osteosarcoma showed good histologic response (good response) to induction chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS At diagnosis, patients age ≤ 40 years with resectable high-grade osteosarcoma were registered. Eligibility after surgery for ...

results overall, 3 (15%) subjects achieved svr, 10 cases (50%) relapsed after treatment cessation and 7 (35%) patients did not clear hdv during the treatment. conclusions hdv coinfection with hbv had very low response rate to high doses and long durations of ifn α-2b therapy. objectives we aimed to determine the efficacy of ifn α-2b therapy in patients with hbv/hdv coinfection. patients and met...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of monotherapy with interferon alpha-2b and combination therapy with interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin on chronic hepatitis c infection in thalassaemic patients. methods: in parallel group randomized, double blind, controlled trial, 32 thalassaemic patients with chronic hepatitis c infection completed the study. in a random fa...

BACKGROUND: Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is one of the major causes of fatal gastroenteritis in young dogs. After emergence of CPV-2, two new variants were reported and named CPV-2a and CPV-2b. In 2001 the newest variant was reported and named CPV-2c. The difference between CPV strains is related to amino acid changes in viral capsid protein (VP2). OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was geneti...

Background and Aims: Virus infections represent some of the most important diseases of lily, plants because of the devastating effects caused to the crops and the absence of effective treatments. A survey for virus diseases of lilies, revealed the occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in plants growing in Tehran province, Iran. Materials and Methods: During 2013, 50 lily samples with virus-...

Serotonin 5-HT(2B) receptors are often coexpressed with 5-HT(1B) receptors, and cross-talk between the two receptors has been reported in various cell types. However, many mechanistic details underlying 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(2B) receptor cross-talk have not been elucidated. We hypothesized that 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(1B) receptors each affect the others' signaling by modulating the others' trafficking. ...

Genetic divergence of thirty three drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were studied through Mohalanobis’s D and principal component analysis for twelve characters. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The cluster I and II were comprised of the maximum number of genotypes (eight) in each followed by cluster V containing five genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance ...

The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) suppressor 2b co-localizes with AGO4 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of Arabidopsis thaliana Biochemical fractionation of A. thaliana cellular extracts revealed that 2b and AGO4 coexist in multiple size exclusions. 2b transgenic A. thaliana exhibited an enhanced accumulation of 24nt siRNAs from flowering wageningen (FWA) and other heterochromatic loci. These...