The tribe Sciurini comprehends the genera Sciurus, Syntheosiurus, Microsciurus, Tamiasciurus and Rheinthrosciurus. The phylogenetic relationships within Sciurus have been only partially done, and the relationship between Mesoamerican species remains unsolved. The phylogenetic relationships of the Mesoamerican tree squirrels were examined using molecular data. Sequence data publicly available (1...

DNA barcodes of mitochondrial COI and Cytb genes were constructed from 54 specimens of 16 species for species identification. Intra- and interspecific sequence divergence of the COI gene (10 times) was greater than that of the Cytb gene (4 times), which suggests that the former gene may be a better marker than the latter for species delimitation in snakes. The COI barcode cut-off scores differe...

The Galápagos archipelago has never been connected to any continental land masses, so it is of interest to know the colonization and diversification history of its endemic species. We analyzed the phylogenetic placement of the endemic Galápagos flycatcher, M. magnirostris, within Myiarchus by using the genes ND2 and cytb (1970 bp) to compare 16 of the 22 species that comprise this genus. We als...

Despite extensive revisions over recent decades, the taxonomy of benthic octopuses (Family Octopodidae) remains in a considerable flux. Among groups of unresolved status is a species complex of morphologically similar shallow-water octopods from subtropical Australasia, including: Allopatric populations of Octopus tetricus on the eastern and western coasts of Australia, of which the Western Aus...

OBJECTIVES To explore the mechanisms underlying azole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis collected in China by focusing on their efflux pumps, respiratory status and azole antifungal target enzyme. METHODS Fifty-two clinical isolates of C. tropicalis were collected from five hospitals in four provinces of China and antifungal susceptibility tests were performed. Rhodamine 6...

The generalist parasite Trypanosoma cruzi has two phylogenetic lineages associated almost exclusively with bats-Trypanosoma cruzi Tcbat and the subspecies T. c. marinkellei. We present new information on the genetic variation, geographic distribution, host associations, and potential vectors of these lineages. We conducted field surveys of bats and triatomines in southern Ecuador, a country end...

The lizard genus Phymaturus is widely distributed in Argentina and along the eastern edge of Chile between 25° and 45° south. We sampled 27 of the 38 currently recognized species plus 22 candidate species using two mitochondrial genes (cytb and 12S), four protein coding nuclear genes and seven anonymous nuclear loci, and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS We analyzed a small and wide geographically distributed Neotropical freshwater fish, the Piabina argentea from the Upper Paraná Basin, to check the hypothesis that this species is composed of more than one biological unit, since it has a limited dispersion, through the DNA barcode technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Partial mitochondrial COI and CytB gene sequences were obtai...