Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to play an important role in the growth of normal prostatic epithelial cells. In addition to their effects on proliferation, FGFs can promote cell motility, increase tumor angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis, all of which play an important role in tumor progression. To determine whether FGFs are overexpressed in human prostate cancers, we analyzed 26 p...

The apical ectodermal ridge (AER), located at the distal end of each limb bud, is a key signaling center which controls outgrowth and patterning of the proximal-distal axis of the limb through secretion of various molecules. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), particularly Fgf8 and Fgf4, are representative molecules produced by AER cells, and essential to maintain the AER and cell proliferation i...

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are known to play an important role in the growth of normal prostatic epithelial cells. In addition to their effects on proliferation, FGFs can promote cell motility, increase tumor angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis, all of which play an important role in tumor progression. To determine whether FGFs are overexpressed in human prostate cancers, we analyzed 26 p...

BACKGROUND Previous attempts to isolate pluripotent cell lines from rat preimplantation embryo in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell culture conditions (serum and LIF) were unsuccessful, however the resulting cells exhibited the expression of such traditional pluripotency markers as SSEA-1 and alkaline phosphatase. We addressed the question, which kind of cell lineages are produced from rat preimpl...

Dental trigeminal nerve fiber growth and patterning are strictly integrated with tooth morphogenesis, but it is still unknown, how these two developmental processes are coordinated. Here we show that targeted inactivation of the dental epithelium expressed Fgfr2b results in cessation of the mouse mandibular first molar development at the degenerated cap stage and the failure of the trigeminal m...

A new method to estimate the Doppler beaming factor of relativistic large-scale jet regions is presented. It is based on multiwaveband fitting to radio-to-X-ray continua with synchrotron spectrum models. Combining our method with available observational data of proper motions, we derive the intrinsic velocity as well as the viewing angles to the line of sight for eight knotty regions down the M...

HST has recently revealed that many among the most massive globular clusters harbor multiple stellar populations, and –most surprisingly– some of them are extremely helium rich. How these clusters managed to generate such complex stellar populations, and what processes let to so dramatic helium enrichment, is today one of the most exciting puzzles in the astrophysics of stellar systems. HST has...

هدف: از چالش­های عمده بشریت افزایش افسردگی و اختلال عملکرد جنسی ناشی داروهای ضدافسردگی است. با توجه به نقش سلول­های سرتولی در اسپرماتوژنز، پژوهش حاضر، اثر داروی دولوکستین را بر زنده­مانی، آپوپتوزیس بیان ژن­های Bax و­ (Connexin 43) Cx43 بررسی کرده مواد روش‌‌ها: TM4 محیط DMEM/F12 حاوی %5/2 FBS، 5% سرم اسب %1 پنی سیلین-استرپتومایسین کشت شدند. دوزهای 30،60، 15، 5/7، 75/3 میکرو­گرم/ میلی­لیتر زمان­ه...