To examine the role of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (Atm) in telomere function, we generated Atm and telomerase null mice (Atm(-/-) mTR(-/-) iG6 mice). These mice exhibited increased germ cell death and chromosome fusions compared with either Atm(-/-) or mTR(-/-) iG6 mice. Furthermore, the Atm(-/-) mTR(--) iG6 mice had a delayed onset and reduced incidence of thymic lymphoma compared with Atm(...

The genetic basis for spontaneous resistance to tetracyline (Tet) and penicillin (Pen) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae was investigated. Tet and pen are polygenes which confer small but distinct levels of resistance to Tet and Pen, respectively. Mtr is a multiple-drug resistance polygene which increases resistance to Tet and Pen (as well as to other unrelated antibiotics). Tem is a modifier gene affec...

Magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) can reveal the degree of proton exchange between free water and macromolecules and was suggested to be pathological informative. We aimed to investigate changes in optic nerve MTR over 12 months following acute optic neuritis (ON) and to determine whether MTR measurements can predict clinical and paraclinical outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Thirty-seven patients ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) histogram analysis and volumetric MR imaging are sensitive tools with which to quantify the tissue destructive effects in patients with white matter or neurodegenerative disease. Our purpose was to determine whether whole brain MTR and fractional brain parenchyma volume measurements are altered in HIV-1-infected patients who are neurolog...

Mycothiol (MSH) is the dominant low-molecular-weight thiol (LMWT) unique to high-(G+C)-content Gram-positive Actinobacteria, such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, and is oxidised into its disulfide form mycothiol disulfide (MSSM) under oxidative conditions. Mycothiol disulfide reductase (Mtr), an NADPH-dependent enzyme, reduces MSSM to MSH, thus maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. In thi...

BACKGROUND Patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) often develop severe disability despite low levels of abnormality on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This may relate to diffuse pathological processes occurring in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) involving both white matter (NAWM) and grey matter (NAGM). Magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) is capable of ...

Here we show a correlation between telomere length and organismal sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) in mammals. In particular, fifth generation (G5) mouse telomerase RNA (mTR)(-/)- mice, with telomeres 40% shorter than in wild-type mice, are hypersensitive to cumulative doses of gamma rays. 60% of the irradiated G5 mTR(-/)- mice die of acute radiation toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract...

Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) has been often used for imaging myelination. Despite its high sensitivity, the specificity of MTR to myelination is not high because tissues with no myelin such as muscle can also show high MTR. In this study, we propose a new magnetization transfer (MT) indicator, MT asymmetry (MTA), as a new method of myelin imaging. The experiments were performed on rat bra...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gray matter may be affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a white matter disease. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) is a sensitive and quantitative marker for structural abnormalities, and has been used frequently in the imaging of MS. In this study, we evaluated the amount of MTR of gray matter among patients with relapsing-remitting MS and healthy control subjects as wel...

BACKGROUND This pilot study investigated changes in remyelinating and demyelinating activity in normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) and lesions, by using voxel-wise magnetization transfer ratio (VW-MTR), in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) receiving interferon beta-1a 44 mcg subcutaneously (IFN β-1a SC) three times weekly versus healthy controls (HCs) (NCT01085318). ...