In the title compound, C(11)H(16)N(2)O(4), the 2,5-dimeth-oxy-phenyl moiety is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.026 Å. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the plane of the urea moiety is 13.86 (5)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by a short intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into...

Background The dramatically increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic renal disease cannot be explained entirely by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The continuous exposure of renal patients to elevated levels of urea may contribute to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. While urea may not be directly toxic, many molecules can be carbamylated through cyanate, a rea...

nitrogen concentration, temperature and light intensity. Nitrogen is one of the essential nutrients critical for the cultivation of algae due to its role in growth and regulation of metabolism [1]. It is well documented that there are three different sources of nitrogen such as nitrate, ammonia and urea, which are absorbed by microalgae [2,3]. Urea is known to contain approximately 46.7% nitrog...

The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether transfer of blood urea to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or the efficiency of capture of urea N within the GIT is more limiting for urea N salvage, and 2) to establish the relationship between plasma urea concentration and recycling of urea N to the GIT. We used an i.v. urea infusion model in sheep to elevate the urea entry rate and plasma c...

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a cheaper and greener alternative to conventional organic solvents. Choline chloride (ChCl) mixed with urea at molar ratio of 1:2 is one the most common DESs for wide range applications such electrochemistry, material science, biochemistry. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are performed study effect content on thermodynamic transport pr...

coenzyme q 10 is a natural antioxidant and free radicals scavenger. in the present study, we examined effect of coenzyme q 10 on hemoglobin a 1c , serum urea and creatinine in alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic rats. thirty sprage-dawley male rats were divided into three groups randomly; group one as control, group two diabetic untreatment, and group three treatments with coenzyme q 10 (15 mg/kg i...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(14)H(7)Cl(3)F(2)N(2)O(2), contains two unique molecules. The 2,3,5-trichloro-phenyl ring is almost coplanar with the urea group in both molecules, whereas the 2,6-difluoro-phenyl ring is twisted from the urea plane by 54.83 (10)° in one molecule and 60.58 (10)° in the other. An intra-molecular N-H-O hydrogen bond stabilizes the mol-ecular conformatio...

In the title compound, C(13)H(10)ClN(3)O(3), prepared by the reaction of 1-chloro-3-isocyanato-benzene with 4-nitro-benzenamine, the two substituent benzene rings are roughly coplanar [inter-ring dihedral angle = 8.70 (7)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules make cyclic inter-molecular associations through two urea-nitro N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain structure [give chain direction] in which t...

BACKGROUND Like several other parasites, Teladorsagia circumcincta secretes or excretes urea, but neither the rate of efflux nor the possible metabolic sources of the urea has been considered. METHODS Parasites were maintained by passage through sheep. Urea efflux was measured using phenol/hypochlorite after treatment with urea aminohydrolase. The kinetics of creatine amidinohydrolase and arg...