A 15-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of a murmur detected during a preparticipation athletic examination (PAE) for high-school football. There was no family history of cardiopulmonary disorders. The child's birth had been a normal term delivery and he had an uneventful childhood and early adolescence. He specifically denied any exertional dyspnea, chest pain, peripheral edema, or cyano...

BACKGROUND The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) shows that balance tends to recover within days after a concussion, whereas measures of the movement of the center of pressure (COP) show that balance deficits can persist up to 1 month after concussion. While approximately 30% of adolescents suffering concussion have functional consequences including balance deficits, evidence of the use of di...

Hibernoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor composed of remnants of fetal brown fat. It has only rarely been reported in the literature in patients ranging in age from 2 to 75 years. We present a case of multiple hibernomas occurring in a 1-month-old infant.

A recent publication analyzed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) globallyinhumans [1]. Here, we summarize several key concepts from this article. Apparently during evolution, there were several origins of miRNAs and the authors embarked on a detailed and specific analysis of these events. In fact, the authors analyzed 1,433 extant human miRNAs that originated 15 times during evolution. These steps correspond t...

miRNAs are a well-established RNA phenomenon. Previously, we analyzed the involvement of HIV-1 protein Tat in cellular gene networks and aspects of its interaction with miRNAs [1]. Here we mention an additional HIV-1 protein, HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) that interacts with miRNAs and it is involved in gene expression networks. The manipulation of miRNA expression is anticipated to become import...

miRNAs are a well-established RNA phenomenon derived from the non-coding major portion of the human genome. miRNAs cannot be ignored because they are so heavily involved in the control of gene expression [1]. The study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease also has miRNA components that are commencing to be mapped and characterized. Due to their high stability, for example miRNA can be f...