V-ATPases are multimeric proton pumps. The 100-kDa "a" subunit is encoded by four isoforms (a1-a4) in mammals and two (Vph1p and Stv1p) in yeast. a3 is enriched in osteoclasts and is essential for bone resorption, whereas a4 is expressed in the distal nephron and acidifies urine. Mutations in human a3 and a4 result in osteopetrosis and distal renal tubular acidosis, respectively. Human a3 (G405...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a plasma apolipoprotein that plays a central role in lipoprotein metabolism, is localized in the senile plaques, congophilic angiopathy, and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease. Late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease patients have an increased frequency of one of the three common apoE alleles, epsilon 4, suggesting apoE4 is associated with increased...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone for a wide array of growth and developmental processes and stress responses, but the mechanism of ABA signal perception on the plasma membrane remains to be dissected. A previous GeneChip analysis revealed that a member of the A4 subfamily of lectin receptor kinases (LecRKs) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), At5g01540 (designated LecRKA4.1)...

Presentation software such as MS PowerPoint is increasingly being used to deliver classroom teaching. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University to determine staff and students’ perspectives on its use. Findings of the survey are summarised here and particular attention is given to considerations of rel...

We define the A4-structure of a graph G to be the 4-uniform hypergraph on the vertex set of G whose edges are the vertex subsets inducing 2K2, C4, or P4. We show that perfection of a graph is determined by its A4-structure. We relate the A4structure to the canonical decomposition of a graph as defined by Tyshkevich [Discrete Mathematics 220 (2000) 201-238]; for example, a graph is indecomposabl...

We show that the A4 discrete symmetry that naturally leads to tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing can be simply obtained as a result of an orbifolding starting from a model in 6 dimensions. This particular orbifolding has four fixed points where 4 dimensional branes are located and the tetrahedral symmetry of A4 connects these branes. In this approach A4 appears after the reduction from six to four d...

PURPOSE Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) relapsing after hematopoietic stem cell transplant have limited options for long-term cure. We have shown that infused cytotoxic T cells (CTL) targeting Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-derived proteins induced complete remissions in EBV(+) HL patients. A limitation of this approach is that up to 70% of relapsed HL tumors are EBV-negative. For these patients,...

PURPOSE There is little information regarding the characteristics of head movements during reading. This study was undertaken to investigate horizontal and vertical head movements during two different reading tasks. METHODS Head and eye movements were monitored with an infrared pupil and head tracker in 15 subjects during repeated reading of text from an A4-sized card and a card 90 degrees wi...