Lasers are effective in debonding ceramic brackets. Unfortunately, while reducing the adhesive bond strength, lasers are also reported to increase pulpal temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths and temperature increase levels after debonding ceramic brackets using an Er-YAG laser with or without water-cooling. Sixty polycrystalline upper premolar ceramic brac...

Three subspecies of Artemisia tridentata occupy distinct habitats in the Great Basin of North America: ssp. wyomingensis in low, arid elevations; ssp. vaseyana in high, mesic elevations; and ssp. tridentata in intermediate zones. We evaluated differences in the drought experienced and drought tolerance among the subspecies. Drought tolerance was measured by two traits: the xylem pressure (Cx) c...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of air-drying pressure during ceramic primer coating on zirconia/resin bonding and the surface characteristics of the primed zirconia. METHODS Two ceramic primers (Clearfil Ceramic Primer, CCP, Kuraray Medical Inc. and Z-Prime Plus, ZPP, Bisco Inc.) were applied on the surface of air-abraded zirconia (Katana zirconia, Noritake) and dried at 4 different air...

We report the characterization of a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) for viscosity measurements in a low viscosity regime (<10 mPa s) using two measurement schemes. First, the quality factor (Q-factor) of the SMR was characterized with glycerol-water mixtures. The measured Q-factor at 20 °C exhibits a bilinear behavior with the sensitivity of 1281 (mPa s)(-1) for a lower (1-4 mPa s) and 3...

in order to study the interrelations of photosynthetic rate and surfaces and leaf proline content with yield and yield components of safflower under different irrigation regimes, a field experiment in a split plot arrangement under a ranomized complete block design with four replication was performed at lavark reasrch farm, isfahan university of technology, isfahan, iran in 2007. two irrigation...

The effect of acclimation to drought in seedlings of Mediterranean evergreen sclerophyll Laurus nobilis L. (laurel) was studied in semiarid field conditions. The phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA 3), zeatin (Z) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) contents, plant water potential, photochemical efficiency, and morphological characters were determined. Seedlings were acclimated to...

to identify and characterize bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes adapted to terminal water deficit conditions, 51 superior hexaploid wheat genotypes together with commercial check cultivars were studied, in a two stages screening practice, for drought tolerance in karaj, kermanshah, isfahan, neishabour and varamin filed stations under terminal water deficit conditions in 2002-2005 grow...

Transient responses of cell turgor (P) and root elongation to changes in water potential were measured in maize (Zea mays L.) to evaluate mechanisms of adaptation to water stress. Changes of water potential were induced by exposing roots to solutions of KCl and mannitol (osmotic pressure about 0.3 MPa). Prior to a treatment, root elongation was about 1.2 mm h-1 and P was about 0.67 MPa across t...

Foehn-like extreme hot and dry wind conditions (34°C, >2.5 kPa vapor pressure deficit, and 7 m s(-1)) strongly affect grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). This is a current concern because of the increasing frequency and intensity of combined heat and water-deficit stress under climate change. Foehn-induced dry wind conditions during the grain-filling stage increase ring-shaped chalkiness a...