a refrigeration cycle is a chain of various pieces of equipment including compressors, condensers, evaporators, and expansion devices each of which takes on a particular thermodynamic process duty in the cycle that eventually results in the production of the required refrigeration. the results of optimized mixed refrigerant cycles (mrcs) in part i show that the configuration of mrc is an effect...

We report on high frequency (HF) and noise performances of AlSb/InAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with 100 nm gate length at room temperature in low-power regime. Extrinsic cut-off frequencies fT/f max of 100/125 GHz together with minimum noise figure NF(min) = 0.5 dB and associated gain G(ass) = 12 dB at 12 GHz have been obtained at drain bias of only 80 mV, corresponding to 4 mW/m...

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) has been used to study the adsorption of carbon monoxide on a Pd(ll1) surface. IRAS spectra were collected at temperatures from 100 to 1000 K and at pressures from 1.0 x lo-’ to 10.0 Torr. The IRAS data at temperatures > 250 K showed the coverage versus temperature behavior anticipated from the data acquired under UHV conditions. However, at te...

We study the low-temperature limit of warm inflation in a hilltop model. This limit remains valid up to the end of inflation, allowing an analytic description of the entire inflationary stage. In the weak dissipative regime, if the kinetic density of the inflaton dominates after inflation, low scale inflation is attained with Hubble scale as low as 1 GeV. In the strong dissipative regime, the m...

The understanding of spray combustion is a complex scientific problem, as it involves the interaction between evaporation, convection, diffusion, and chemistry. focus this study to examine effects chemistry, in particular low-temperature on structure canonical counterflow flames at relatively low strain rate conditions. Parametric studies using Eulerian formulation are carried out for monodispe...

We study the low-temperature tunneling density of states of thin wires where superconductivity is destroyed through quantum phase-slip proliferation. Although this regime is believed to behave as an insulator, we show that for a large temperature range this phase is characterized by a conductivity falling off at most linearly with temperature, and has a gapless excitation spectrum. This novel c...

Aging phenomena of short-range Ising spin glass models have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that in the low-temperature spin-glass phase the mean domain size exhibits a crossover from a power-law growth associated with the critical fluctuation at the transition temperature to slower growth inherent in the low-temperature phase. The temperature dependence of the grow...

We consider Ising-spin systems starting from an initial Gibbs measure ν and evolving under a spin-flip dynamics towards a reversible Gibbs measure μ 6= ν. Both ν and μ are assumed to have a finite-range interaction. We study the Gibbsian character of the measure νS(t) at time t and show the following: (1) For all ν and μ, νS(t) is Gibbs for small t. (2) If both ν and μ have a high or infinite t...