raine is one of the last post-communist countries where implementation administrative reforms has started in practice. The aim study to analyze local-level results main stage reform Ukraine which was carried out 2014–2020. analysis concerns Ukrainian local government units equivalent LAU 1 and 2. When collecting data, so-called triangulation sources applied. SWOT method used analysis, Neshkova ...

Allowing a proxy signer to generate a signature on behalf of an original signer, a proxy signature should satisfy the property of strong unforgeability: anyone except the designated proxy signer cannot create a valid proxy signature on behalf of the original signer. Since proxy signatures, as well as their derivatives, can be used in many applications in reality, such as secure mobile agent, e-...

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is commonly used to provide server-authenticated secure channels for HTTPS web applications. From the viewpoint of the client, however, the server authentication guarantees of HTTPS are frequently misconstrued to identify a single HTTPS endpoint or origin whereas, in practice, the HTTPS server may be serving any one of a large set of origins. This issue is even mo...

This edition of the Journal starts with the big questions in psychiatry: what is a diagnosis? And how does one justify treatment against the will of the individual? The next version of the World Health Organization’s bible, the ICD–11, is being prepared at the same time as the American Psychiatric Association’s fifth edition of the DSM. The push for harmonising these two different systems is di...

This paper presents a method that instructors have designed and implemented to form balanced teams based on Belbin's roles, with the aim of boosting positive interdependence individual accountability within improving their performance in project-based learning environment. Students’ has been measured through scores obtained during project, exam Individual Accountability Factor (IAF) compared co...

Undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI) is the defining feature of multinational enterprises (MNEs). While emerging economies as recipients of FDI are familiar with MNEs, these MNEs tend to be firms from the developed world. A new breed of home-grown MNEs has now arisen from the emerging economies, in particular the group known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). In this article, th...

In this paper we provide a new arithmetic characterization of the levels of the log-time hierarchy (LH). We define arithmetic classes Σ k and Π log k that correspond to Σk-LOGTIME and Πk-LOGTIME respectively. We break Σ k and Π log k into natural hierarchies of subclasses Σm·log k and Π m·log k . We then define bounded arithmetic deduction systems (TΣ k ) ′ whose U{|id|}B(Σ log k )-definable fu...