Abstract Equine farms, typically, build either stables or barns for the horses to live in and additional facilities train work (Kidd, Winchell, & Burwash, 1997). Often these training also include indoor riding arenas ensure continuums programs. As equine industry contributes a total of $122 billion dollars year United States’ economy, it is important research farms that are built used (Amer...

Aptamers recognize their targets with extraordinary affinity and specificity. The aptamer-based therapeutic, Macugen, is derived from a modified 2'fluoro pyrimidine RNA inhibitor to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and is now being used to treat the wet form of age-related macular degeneration. This VEGF(165) aptamer binds specifically to the VEGF(165) isoform, a dimeric protein with a...

We previously showed that bone marrow stem cells participate in the tumor vessel expansion that supports the growth of Ewing's sarcoma tumors in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of two isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumor vessel expansion and recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells during tumor growth. We injected VEGF(165)-siRN...

The objective of the present study was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) isoform regulation of cell fate decisions of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in vivo. The expression pattern and cell-specific distribution of VEGF isoforms, receptors, and coreceptors during testis development postnatal d 1-180 suggest a nonvascular function for VEGF regulation of early germ cell...

Excessive neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and altered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling have independently been implicated in the development and progression of pulmonary emphysema. In the present study, we investigated the potential link between NE and VEGF. We noted that VEGF(165) is a substrate for NE. Digestion of purified VEGF(165) with NE generated a partially degraded...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occurs in at least five different isoforms because of alternative splicing of the gene. To investigate the roles of different VEGF isoforms in tumor blood vessel formation and tumorigenicity, the three major isoforms (VEGF(121), VEGF(165), and VEGF(189)) were overexpressed in an early-stage human melanoma cell line (WM1341B), which is VEGF-negative and ...

To investigate mechanisms of apical sorting in the secretory pathway of epithelial cells, we expressed varying amounts of the 165 amino acid isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(165)) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) via replication defective adenoviruses. Apical sorting of both proteins was efficient at low expression levels but saturated or was reversed at high ...