Microglial activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the etiology of PD remains unclear, age and male gender are known PD risk factors. By comparing microglia and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of male and female mice of different ages, we found that the degrees of microglial activation and DA neuron loss increased with age in bot...

AIM To assess the effect of 17β-estradiol pretreatment on the function and expression of α2- adrenergic receptors (ARs) subtypes in late pregnancy in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n=37) were treated with 17β-estradiol for 4 days starting from the 18th day of pregnancy. The myometrial expression of the α2-AR subtypes was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot a...

OBJECTIVES The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been postulated to play an integral role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Earlier studies showed that CGRP can stimulate the synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines from trigeminal ganglion glial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 17β-estradiol in regulation of CGRP expre...

The existence of a sex difference in Parkinson's disease (PD) is observed as related to several variables, including susceptibility of the disease, age at onset, and symptoms. These differences between men and women represent a significant characteristic of PD, which suggest that estrogens may exert beneficial effects against the development and the progression of the disease. This paper review...

This study examined the cardiovascular effects of 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized rats with heart failure. Two groups (50-60 days old) were implanted with 60-day-release pellets containing 17β-estradiol (25 μg/day) or vehicle at 7 days before ligation of the left coronary artery. Another group was sham operated and given vehicle pellets. After 7 wk, they were studied under pentobarbital anesthe...

Title of Document: INVESTIGATING COMPOSTING AS A METHOD FOR REDUCING ESTROGENICTY IN POULTRY LITTER AND BIOSOLIDS Kirsten Marie Hammett, Master of Science, 2015 Directed by: Assistant Professor, Lance Yonkos Department of Environmental Science and Technology Biosolids and poultry litter contain the natural estrogens 17β-estradiol and estrone, which can be transported to receiving waters via run...

Oestrogen is an important regulator in reproduction. To understand the role of oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in Leydig cells, we investigated the expression of ESR1 in mouse Leydig cells during postnatal development and the effects of oestrogen on steroidogenesis and proliferation of progenitor Leydig cells (PLCs). In Leydig cells, the ESR1 expression was low at birth, increased until postnatal d...

Skeletal deformities are significant problems that affect the growth and commercial value of fish reared in hatcheries. However, studies of bone metabolic process related to skeletal deformities are limited. We investigated the potential correlation between bone deformities and plasma calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol-17β levels in reared red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) juveniles. We ...

P450 aromatase is a key enzyme in steroidogenesis involved in the conversion of testosterone into 17β-estradiol. We investigated the localization and the expression of P450 aromatase in Podarcis sicula testes during the different phases of the reproductive cycle: summer stasis (July-August), early autumnal resumption (September), middle autumnal resumption (October-November), winter stasis (Dec...

This study investigated the performance of lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) that were inoculated with nitrifying activated sludge and bioaugmented with a Sphingomonas strain KC8 (a 17β-estradiol-degrading bacterium). The bioaugmented SBRs were supplied with synthetic wastewater (average initial total organic carbon (TOC)=175 mgL(-1) and average initial ammonia-N=25 mgL(-1)) and daily ...