We prove that every set S of ∆ slopes containing the horizontal slope is universal for 1-bend upward planar drawings of bitonic st-graphs with maximum vertex degree ∆, i.e., every such digraph admits a 1-bend upward planar drawing whose edge segments use only slopes in S. This result is worst-case optimal in terms of the number of slopes, and, for a suitable choice of S, it gives rise to drawin...

The state-resolved reaction probability of CH4 on Pt 110 1 2 was measured as a function of CH4 translational energy for four vibrational eigenstates comprising different amounts of C-H stretch and bend excitation. Mode-specific reactivity is observed both between states from different polyads and between isoenergetic states belonging to the same polyad of CH4. For the stretch/bend combination s...

It is proved that every series-parallel digraph whose maximum vertex-degree is ∆ admits an upward planar drawing with at most one bend per edge such that each edge segment has one of ∆ distinct slopes. This is shown to be worst-case optimal in terms of the number of slopes. Furthermore, our construction gives rise to drawings with optimal angular resolution π ∆ . A variant of the proof techniqu...

In this paper we study properties of intersection graphs of kbend paths in the rectangular grid. A k-bend path is a path with at most k 90 degree turns. The class of graphs representable by intersections of k-bend paths is denoted by Bk-VPG. We show here that for every fixed k, Bk-VPG ( Bk+1-VPG and that recognition of graphs from Bk-VPG is NP-complete even when the input graph is given by a Bk...

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Curved channels are one of the most fundamental units natural or artificial channels, in which there different kinds obstacles; these include vegetation patches, bridge piles, electrical tower foundations, etc., all present over a channel bend, and can significantly alter hydrodynamic characteristics when compared to bare bed. In this study, laboratory experiments numerical simulations were com...

Asymmetrical bending waves can be obtained by reactivating demembranated sea urchin spermatozoa at high Ca2+ concentrations. Moving-film flash photography shows that asymmetrical flagellar bending waves are associated with premature termination of the growth of the bends in one direction (the reverse bends) while the bends in the opposite direction (the principal bends) grow for one full beat c...