in religious jurisprudence, exhaustive discussions have put forward about the effect of finding that the witness was disqualified at the time of giving of evidence and effect of losing of qualifications after giving of evidence and before rendering of judgment on the evidence that is got and the judgment that is rendered on basis of it and exist various opinions about some varieties in spite of...

AIM The Statue changing the Code of Civil Procedure enforced interchangeable calling of psychiatrist or neurologist as a medical expert for proceedings concerning the incapacitated which aroused objection from psychiatrists because of separate competencies for these specialists and the expectations on the professional code relating to the field of knowledge and competency of a psychiatrist. The...

according to the provisions of civil proceedings code, courts procedural principles and formalities are not required to be respected in arbitration. such provisions are differently interpreted by lawyers. some lawyers believe that since arbitration is a kind of personal judgment, it should not be subject to the civil procedure and therefore arbitrators directly or with the request of the partie...

according to the articles 169 to 179 of the civil judgment enforcement law, the enforcement of the foreign judgment in the iranian law is based on the reciprocal act. but extension of international relations in the world today, above all in the commercial domain, requires that enforcement of foreign judgment be accepted after obtaining its correctness conditions based on res judicata. therefore...

in different codes, document is recognized as a valid evidence, but in article 1335 of the civil code it is used as an expression that denies its validity as an independent evidence and limits its documentary effect as introduction of knowledge of judge; so the expression of the legislator in this article about the document is inconsistent with other articles of that code as well as with articl...

alternate of the usurped property is a compensation paid to the owner after unavailability of usurped property. the iranian civil code, following the islamic scholars' famous view, has principally accepted the payment of this compensation but is silent as far as duties and rights of owner and usurper are concerned; hence the judge's obligation to refer to valid verdicts (fatawa) in this regard....