Consider a group of agents located along polluted river where every agent must pay certain cost for cleaning up the river. Following model Ni and Wang (2007), we propose class alpha-Local Responsibility Sharing methods, which generalizes Local (LRS) method Upstream Equal (UES) method. We fi rst show that UES is characterized by relaxing independence upstream costs appearing in (2007). Then prov...

Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) was used to identify areas of endemism (AOEs) for Chinese birds at the subregional level. Four AOEs were identified based on a distribution database of 105 endemic species and using 18 avifaunal subregions as the operating geographical units (OGUs). The four AOEs are the Qinghai-Zangnan Subregion, the Southwest Mountainous Subregion, the Hainan Subregion a...

Since 1998, the Hong Kong (HK) Special Administrative Region (SAR) government has implemented territory-wide e-government initiatives, which are pursuant to the Digital 21 Information Technology Strategy (info.gov.hk/digital21). Subsequently, the years 1998 to 2007 marked the initial stages of e-government development in HKSAR as information and services were made available online (refer to sta...

The goal of the present studies was to determine the exogenous and endogenous reserves of lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, and zinc. Examinations were carried out in 2006 (N=19), 2007 (N=20), and 2008 (N=20). Hair samples were collected from the back part of the Limousine cattle pastured in the vicinity of the Glogow copper smelter. The cows, aged 4 to 5 years, were reared on green pastures. In ...

Long term studies of Vietnamese Rhopalocera suggest that by using a taxonomic composition analysis of the modern fauna, with ecological and biogeographical characteristics and comparative data with butterfly faunas of adjacent regions, it is possible to offer a plausible account of the history and derivation of the Vietnamese fauna. In former works on the butterfly fauna of Vietnam and of the O...

Most experts agree (Piatetsky-Shapiro, 2000; Thearling, 2007) that data mining began in the 1960s with the advent of computers that could store and process large amounts of data. In the 1980s, data mining became more common and widespread with the distribution of relational databases and SQL. In the 1990s, business saw a boom in data mining as desktop computers and powerful server-class compute...