The effects of chronic betaine ingestion were investigated in rats. Rats were fed an experimental diet containing 5% betaine for 4 wk and methionine was intravenously administered. The elevations of plasma homocysteine were assessed by comparing the increments to the initial measured value and the positive incremental area under the plasma homocysteine concentration curve over the 240-min post-...

In this paper, we consider two types of problems that have some similarity in their structure, namely, min-min and min-max saddle-point problems. Our approach is based on considering the outer minimization problem as a with inexact oracle. This oracle calculated via solution inner problem, which either or maximization problem. main assumptions are smooth available mixed: it only possible to eva...

Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orally administration of single dose sustained-released tablet of pyridostigmine bromide (PBSR) on the frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty-two healthy young men were participated in this study. They were divided into 2 groups; the pyridostigmine...

Ca(2+) overload and reactive oxygen species can injure mitochondria during ischemia and reperfusion. We hypothesized that mitochondrial injury occurs during cardiac resuscitation, causing release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and bloodstream while activating apoptotic pathways. Plasma cytochrome c was measured using reverse-phase HPLC and Western immunoblotting in rats subjected to 4 or 8 min ...

The effects of subclinical NH3 toxicity on circulating and regulatory hormone concentrations were investigated in seven Hereford steers. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was infused via a right jugular vein catheter at a rate of 12 mumol NH4Cl.kg BW-1.min-1 for 240 min. This was preceded (PRE) and followed (POST) by saline infusions of 120 and 180 min, respectively. Blood samples were taken at 20-min ...

in multi-stage drying of various rough rice varieties, determination of the optimum drying and tempering conditions is important to accelerate the operation and reduce energy consumption, as well as produce a high quality product. in this research, two rice varieties namely, shafagh (long-grain) and sazandegi (medium-grain) were dried under high (air temperature and relative humidity of 60°c an...

Abuse liability of diazepam was examined among experienced drug users. The subjects, randomly divided into two groups, each having eight subjects, received diazepam, 15 mg intravenously (gr. 1) and 30 mg orally (gr. 2). Subjective states, drug liking, sedation and euphoria were assessed at pre-drug, 15 min, 120 min and 240 min post-drug administration. In addition, brief assessment to evaluate ...

Torrefaction has been well known to improve the properties of various biomass pellets. However, study on torrefaction andong bamboo pellet is still limited. This aimed evaluate changes in physical and mechanical Andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae) pellets resulting from torrefaction. The were torrefied at 200°C, 240°C, 280°C using an electric furnace for 50 min. analyzed color, moisture co...

OBJECTIVE Previous studies suggested that slow injection of propofol may increase the hypnotic effect during induction of anesthesia. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether injection rate of propofol has an influence on its maximum effect. DESIGN Randomized, single-blind trial. SETTING This study has been carried out in the operating rooms of a university hospital...