Observations made using large ground-based and space-borne telescopes have probed cosmic history all the way from the present-day to a time when the Universe was less than a tenth of its present age. Earlier on lies the remaining frontier, where the first stars, galaxies, and massive black holes formed. They fundamentally transformed the early Universe by endowing it with the first sources of l...

Nature abhors an infinity. The limits of general relativity are often signaled by infinities: infinite curvature as in the center of a black hole, the infinite energy of the singular big bang. We might be inclined to add an infinite universe to the list of intolerable infinities. Theories that move beyond general relativity naturally treat space as finite. In this review we discuss the mathemat...

Aims. Astronomical observations of (sub)millimeter wavelength pure rotational emission lines of the second most abundant molecule in the Universe, CO, hold the promise of probing regions of high temperature and density in the innermost parts of circumstellar envelopes. Methods. The rotational spectrum of vibrationally excited CO up to 3 = 3 has been measured in the laboratory between 220 and 19...

present research tries to explain the relationship between human’s false beliefs about human being, universe, human dignity and the impact of such falseness by the way of looking inside nahj ul-balaghe. human’s lacking of knowledge of his position in the order of creation and also demerits of such ignorance like tendency toward materialistic pleasures, seizing the days and animalistic life and ...

Using self-consistent cosmological simulations of disc galaxy formation, we analyse the 1.4 GHz radio flux from high-redshift progenitors of present-day normal spirals within the context of present-day and planned next-generation observational facilities. We demonstrate that while current radio facilities such as the Very Large Array (VLA) are unlikely to trace these progenitors beyond redshift...

The data indicating existence of different forms of dark matter in the universe as well as the role of this matter in structure formation are briefly reviewed. It is argued that vacuum energy gives a dominant contribution into the total energy density of the universe. The model of structure formation with unstable tau-neutrino with MeV-mass and KeV-majoron is described. 1 It is commonly agreed ...

Within the first 20 minutes of the evolution of the hot, dense, early Universe, astrophysically interesting abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 were synthesized by the cosmic nuclear reactor. The primordial abundances of these light nuclides produced during Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) are sensitive to the universal density of baryons and to the early-Universe expansion...

We present recent progress in searching for galaxies at redshift from z ≃ 5 to z ≃ 10. Wide-field and senstive surveys with 8m class telescopes have been providing more than several hundreds of star forming galaxies at z ≃ 5 – 7 that are probed in the optical window. These galaxies are used to study the early cosmic star formation activity as well as the early structure formation in the univers...