The term constipation refers to a symptom or complex of symptoms and not a specific diagnosis. Patients and health care providers often define constipation differently. Most health care providers define constipation based on stool frequency. Patients often use the term constipation to describe a broad set of complaints, including straining, hard or infrequent stools, pain during a bowel movemen...

This article deals with preference modeling. It concerns the concepts of discriminating thresholds as a tool to cope with the imperfect nature of knowledge in decision aiding. Such imperfect knowledge is related with the definition of each criterion as well as with the data we have to take into account. On the one hand, we shall present a useful theoretical synthesis for the analyst in his/her ...

This letter presents a high-gain 32 × 32-element full corporate-feed array antenna using simplified assembly of only two split blocks. is made possible by new feeding configuration which eliminates the cavity-backed layer used in conventional designs. E-plane T-junctions, as well single-ridge waveguide output structure, are network to reduce its size. helps realize one-to-one corresponding exci...

In this paper we present a novel digital pen device, called data-embedding pen, for enhancing the value of handwriting on physical paper. This pen produces an additional ink-dot sequence along a written stroke during writing. This ink-dot sequence represents arbitrary information, such as writer’s name and writing date. Since the information is placed on the paper as an ink-dot sequence, it can...

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Indexing plays an important role for storing and retrieving the data in Information Retrieval System (IRS). Inverted Index is the most frequently used indexing structure in IRS. In order to reduce the size of the index and retrieve the data efficiently, compression schemes are used, because the retrieval of compressed data is faster than uncompressed data. High speed compression schemes can imp...