Data were collected from two branches from each whorl of nine open-grown Abies balsamea (L.) Miller trees to test the hypothesis that specific leaf area (SLA, m(2) projected fresh leaf area kg(-1) oven-dry foliage) is constant among five foliage age classes (current-year, 1-year-old, 2-year-old, 3-year-old and 4-year-old-plus). Between-tree variation in SLA was greater than within-tree variatio...

in order to examine of the weed damage on corn and determination of the most suitable index for corn (zea mays l.) yield reduction in field condition and multi-species weed competition, an experiment as an interval mapping was carried out in the researching field of mashhad university during 2008-2009. treatments were complete control (pre-planting treflan and hand weeding), no control (no herb...

Introduction:The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased in recent decades dramatically. The most common aeroallergens in Northeastern Iran have not been fully defined. Define the most common aeroallergens in allergic patients based on the skin prick test (SPT) was aimed in this investigation.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,006 allergic patients (aged 1–86 years)...

Eight male cattle of the Local Yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) foliage supplementation on mineral metabolism in growing cattle fed rice straw and para grass as basal diet. Rice straw ad libitum and para grass (Brachiaria mutica) at 1% DM of BW compris...

The midgut pH of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) larvae was significantly lower when larvae were fed acidic foliage. At 30 min after the start of a feeding bout, larvae feeding on bigtooth aspen (foliage pH = 6.04) had average midgut pH levels of 10.16, while larvae feeding on red oak foliage (foliage pH = 3.84) had average midgut pH levels of 9.36. Midgut pH was also significantly reduced when l...

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is a sporadic but devastating secondary pest of cotton. Scouting cotton for egg masses is commonly recommended for identifying potential outbreaks and forproper timingof insecticide applications.However, there is disagreement regarding where to look on the plant for beet armyworm eggs. We investigated and quantiÞed placement of egg masses by labora...

Since many bat species thrive in densely vegetated habitats, echoes from foliage are likely to be of prime importance to the animals' sensory ecology, be it as clutter that masks prey echoes or as sources of information about the environment. To better understand the characteristics of foliage echoes, a new model for the process that generates these signals has been developed. This model takes ...

This paper describes the extraction and quantification of sideroxylonals, a group of formylated phloroglucinol compounds found in the foliage of some eucalypt species. Samples of dry, ground foliage were Soxhlet-extracted with light petroleum spirit:acetone (4:1) and the resultant extract analysed (in the presence of internal standard) by reversed-phase HPLC without further purification. The yi...

in order to evaluate the density and dry weight of weeds and seed and oil yield of castor bean ricinus communis l.) as a medicinal plant affected by cover crops, an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, faculty of agriculture, ferdowsi university of mashhad, during growing season of 2008-2009. treatments were four cover crops included white clover, fenugreek, hairy vetc...

thirty five growing male goats (6.98±0.86 kg bw) were divided into five equal groups with seven animals in each group. the five dietary treatments were consisted of varying proportions of moringa foliage (moringa oleifera) and napier grass (pennisetum purpurium); t1 (100% moringa foliage); t2 (75% moringa foliage+25% napier grass); t3 (50% moringa foliage+50% napier grass); t4 (25% moringa foli...