raine is one of the last post-communist countries where implementation administrative reforms has started in practice. The aim study to analyze local-level results main stage reform Ukraine which was carried out 2014–2020. analysis concerns Ukrainian local government units equivalent LAU 1 and 2. When collecting data, so-called triangulation sources applied. SWOT method used analysis, Neshkova ...

Allowing a proxy signer to generate a signature on behalf of an original signer, a proxy signature should satisfy the property of strong unforgeability: anyone except the designated proxy signer cannot create a valid proxy signature on behalf of the original signer. Since proxy signatures, as well as their derivatives, can be used in many applications in reality, such as secure mobile agent, e-...

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is commonly used to provide server-authenticated secure channels for HTTPS web applications. From the viewpoint of the client, however, the server authentication guarantees of HTTPS are frequently misconstrued to identify a single HTTPS endpoint or origin whereas, in practice, the HTTPS server may be serving any one of a large set of origins. This issue is even mo...

Agricultural extension is less clear, so it needs to be addressed, by developing professionalism of workers in improving the quality agricultural extension. How implementation strategic management The research objectives were identify and analyze: 1. SWOT internal environment (strengths weaknesses) external (opportunities challenges / threats); 2. Strategic formulation; 3. implementation; 4. Ma...

Undertaking foreign direct investment (FDI) is the defining feature of multinational enterprises (MNEs). While emerging economies as recipients of FDI are familiar with MNEs, these MNEs tend to be firms from the developed world. A new breed of home-grown MNEs has now arisen from the emerging economies, in particular the group known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). In this article, th...

In this paper we provide a new arithmetic characterization of the levels of the log-time hierarchy (LH). We define arithmetic classes Σ k and Π log k that correspond to Σk-LOGTIME and Πk-LOGTIME respectively. We break Σ k and Π log k into natural hierarchies of subclasses Σm·log k and Π m·log k . We then define bounded arithmetic deduction systems (TΣ k ) ′ whose U{|id|}B(Σ log k )-definable fu...

The philosophy underlying open source software (OSS) is enabling programmers to freely access the software source by distributing the software source code, thus allowing them to use the software for any purpose, to adapt and modify it, and redistribute the original or the modified source for further use, modification, and redistribution. The modifications, which include fixing bugs and improvin...