Thin sea ice plays a central role in the surface heat and mass balance of the Arctic Ocean. In order to develop understanding of these balances we describe and analyze highly resolved temperature data taken through the air/sea/ice interface during the transition from an ice-free to an ice-covered Arctic Ocean surface. The data were taken to observe the thermodynamic evolution of a lead, a proce...

Abstract. The incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions introduces large uncertainties when simulating the cloud radiative forcing in climate models. physical and optical properties a cloud, as well evolution precipitation, are strong functions hydrometeor phase. Aerosol particles support phase transition water atmosphere from meta-stable to thermodynamically preferred stable In tr...

Rogen moraine is widely distributed in the core areas of the former Scandinavian and Laurentide ice sheets. It is generally agreed upon that these gently arched, ice-flow transverse ridges can be used in reconstructions of paleo-ice-flow patterns and that they indicate a melted-bed or poly-thermal basal ice regime. However, the processes of ridge generation have been contentious. This study pro...

[1] Flat-floored, quasi-circular depressions on the southern residual cap of Mars have been observed to expand rapidly. Analysis of the size distribution combined with modeling of the growth process yields information about the ages of these features. We report on properties of a population of these features within a selected study area. We find a narrow size distribution that indicates a commo...

Although still poorly understood, the chemistry that occurs on the surfaces of interstellar dust particles profoundly affects the growth of molecules in the interstellar medium. An important set of surface reactions produces icy mantles of manymonolayers in cold and dense regions. The monolayers are dominated by water ice, but also contain CO, CO2, and occasionally methanol, as well as minor co...

A full scale transmission line section of three continuous spans was established. With the consideration of the equivalent mass of the accreted ice, steel cables are used to simulate the iced conductors. For different types of conductors and ice thickness, broken conductor experiments were carried out. Under different broken cases, time histories of the tensions and displacements at the middle ...

The most common representation of sea ice dynamics in climate models assumes that sea ice is a quasi-continuous non-normal fluid with a viscousplastic rheology. This rheology leads to non-linear sea ice momentum equations that are notoriously difficult to solve. Recently a Jacobian-free NewtonKrylov (JFNK) solver was shown to solve the equations accurately at moderate costs. This solver is exte...

Current interventional procedures in structural heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias require peri-interventional echocardiographic monitoring and guidance to become as safe, expedient, and well-tolerated for patients as possible. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) complements and has in part replaced transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE), including real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) imagin...

The Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), Wyoming, is one of the few continental glaciers in the contiguous United States known to preserve environmental and climate records spanning recent centuries. A pair of ice cores taken from UFG have been studied extensively to document changes in climate and industrial pollution (most notably, mid-19th century increases in mercury pollution). Fundamental to thes...