The APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases are antiretroviral proteins, whose targets include human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Their incorporation into viral particles is critical for antiviral activity and is driven by interactions with the RNA molecules that are packaged into virions. However, it is unclear whether A3 proteins preferentially target RNA molecules that are destined to be ...

A monoclonal antibody was developed against an antigen, termed CE7, which was highly expressed on the surface of rat fibrosarcoma KMT-17 cells (clone A3) cultured in low serum medium (A3-1% FCS). The CE7 antigen was not detectable on A3 cells cultured in ordinary high serum medium (A3-10% FCS), on in vivo passaged A3 cells, or on parental in vivo KMT-17 cell line. However, immunoelectron micros...

The development of effective T cell-based immunotherapy for cancer requires the identification of antigens capable of inducing both CTL and T helper immune responses. Although CTLs will participate in the antitumor response mainly by exerting their lytic activity on the tumor cells, helper T lymphocytes will be critical for the induction and maintenance of the CTLs. Thus, effective subunit ther...

UNLABELLED Human APOBEC3 (A3) restriction factors provide intrinsic immunity against zoonotic transmission of pathogenic viruses. A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H haplotype II (A3H-hapII) can be packaged into virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient HIVs to inhibit viral replication. To overcome these restriction factors, Vif binds to the A3 proteins in viral producer cells to target them for ubiquitina...

We recently reported the identification of a novel human adenosine A3 receptor-selective agonist, (2S,3S,4R,5R)-3-amino-5-[6-[5-chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylamino]purin-9-yl]-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (CP-608,039), with 1,260-fold selectivity for the human A3 versus human A1 receptor (DeNinno et al., J Med Chem 46: 353-355, 2003). However, because th...

HLA-A3 and -A11 share similar peptide-binding motifs, however, it is unclear if promiscuous epitope presentation by HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 is associated with promiscuous TCR recognition. Here, we show that despite widespread cross-presentation of identical HIV-1 peptides in HIV-1-infected individuals expressing HLA-A3 or HLA-A11, peptides presented by HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 commonly exhibited clear immun...

HLA-A3 and -A11 share similar peptide-binding motifs, however, it is unclear if promiscuous epitope presentation by HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 is associated with promiscuous TCR recognition. Here, we show that despite widespread cross-presentation of identical HIV-1 peptides in HIV-1-infected individuals expressing HLA-A3 or HLA-A11, peptides presented by HLA-A3 or HLA-A11 commonly exhibited clear immun...

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is divided into subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) but the impact of subtype/CRF on disease progression is not fully understood. METHODS We determined the HIV-1 subtype/CRF of 152 seroincident individuals from Guinea-Bissau, based on the C2-V3 region of env. Disease progression was measured as time from estimated seroconver...

Integrins containing the a2 and a3 subunits associate with the b1 subunit to form distinct receptors with partially overlapping adhesive specificities. We report the cloning and sequence of cDNAs that encode the Xenopus orthologues of integrins a2 and a3 and the expression of these subunits during embryogenesis. Integrin a2 and a3 mRNAs are first expressed in the dorsal mesoderm and developing ...

Adenosine released during cardiac ischemia exerts a potent, protective effect in the heart. A newly recognized adenosine receptor, the A3 subtype, is expressed on the cardiac ventricular cell, and its activation protects the ventricular heart cell against injury during a subsequent exposure to ischemia. A cultured chicken ventricular myocyte model was used to investigate the cardioprotective ro...