DIABETES MELLITUS AFFECTS 200 million people worldwide, including 20 million in the United States alone. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a specific microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged persons in the United States. The prevalence of DR increases with duration of diabetes, and nearly all persons with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with ...

The choroid is a pigmented vascular tissue that was t histologically examined in the 17th century, and to date has been studied by various imaging methods. It extends from the ora serrata anteriorly to the optic nerve head posteriorly. According to histopathological examination, the choroid has a mean thickness of 0.15 mm anteriorly and 0.22 mm posteriorly; anatomically it forms the posterior p...

In this paper, we present an automated method to segment blood vessels in fundus retinal images. The method could be used to support a non-intrusive diagnosis in modern ophthalmology for early detection of retinal diseases, treatment evaluation or clinical study. Our method combines the bias correction to correct the intensity inhomogeneity of the retinal image, and a matched filter to enhance ...

In cases with persistent primary vitreous in full-term infants there were vitreoretinal reactions including vitreoretinal anastomoses of blood vessels, vitreoretinal strands, traction folds of the retina, avascular retinal areas, hypoplasia of retinal blood vessels, rarefaction of retinal ganglion cells, and ischaemic structural changes of the retina. New vessel formation on the surface of avas...

In many diseases with a cardiovascular component, the geometry of microvascular blood vessels changes. These changes are specific to arteries and veins, and can be studied in the microvasculature of the retina using retinal photography. To facilitate large-scale studies of artery/vein-specific changes in the retinal vasculature, automated classification of the vessels is required. Here we prese...

Blood vessel segmentation from the retinal images is extremely important for assessing retinal abnormalities. A good amount of research has been reported on blood vessel segmentation, but significant improvement is still a necessity particularly on minor vessel segmentation. As the local contrast of blood vessels is unstable (intensity variation), especially in unhealthy retinal images, it beco...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is characterized by abnormal retinal neurovascular development that occurs in preterm infants. Although in high-income countries up to 8% of childhood blindness is due to ROP, in middle-income countries this number rises to 40%. Moreover, as methods to ensure survival of preterm infants improve, the prevalence of ROP continues to increase. Worldwide, approximate...

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal vascular disease that is caused by complications of diabetes. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the advanced stage of the disease which carries a high risk of severe visual impairment. This stage is characterized by the growth of abnormal new vessels. We aim to develop a method for the automated detection of new vessels from retinal im...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition where the retina is damaged due to fluid leaking from the blood vessels into the retina. In extreme cases, the patient will become blind. Therefore, early detection of diabetic retinopathy is crucial to prevent blindness. In this paper, a system for automatic identification of normal and abnormal retinal images is proposed through automatic detecting of ...

Retinal vessels are the only blood vessels that can be viewed directly, in vivo, repetitively and non-invasively. Retinal vessel caliber is influenced by physiological (age, sex, race, blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index) and pathological (atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, smoking) determinants. There are studies on large population groups that demonstrate the associations between retin...