PURPOSE To investigate the possibility of using a single spot scanning proton beam to treat superficial lesions. METHODS A cylindrical phantom with a simulated superficial target (it seated 0.5-4cm depth from the surface, volume: 270cm3 ) was created in Eclipse treatment planning system. Three proton plans were generated: (a) a single AP uniform scanning beam with aperture and range compensat...

We propose novel RH-metamaterial structure of the Z-chip for improving the oblique incidence characteristics as an electromagnetic wave absorber. The basic characteristics of a wave absorber using a Z-chip is calculated by FDTD simulation at an oblique incidence. To demonstrate the efficiencies of the chip, a unit cell like a Z-chip was introduced to an actual computer controlled metamaterial e...

Abstract—In this paper, we present a new type of a double-negative metamaterial absorber (MMA) with a periodic array composed of in-plane an electric-field-coupled-LC (ELC) resonator and a wire. In contrast to common MMA configurations, a metallic pattern layer of the proposed absorber is placed parallel to the incident wave propagation direction. An appropriately designed combination structure...

A metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorber consisting of a big circular ring patch with four smaller suppression circular rings is presented in this report. The metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorber introduces the concept of size reduction by suppressing the resonance frequency. An FR4 substrate was used and the incidental wave angles were varied from 0 0 to 60 0 . Simulations results sh...

We demonstrate a tunable hybrid Graphene-Nd:YAG cladding waveguide laser exploiting the electro-optic and the Joule heating effects of Graphene. A cladding Nd:YAG waveguide was fabricated by the ion irradiation. The multi-layer graphene were transferred onto the waveguide surface as the saturable absorber to get the Q-switched pulsed laser oscillation in the waveguide. Composing with appropriat...

The need for hot water in residential buildings requires a significant energy potential. Therefore, an efficient heating system is important to achieve the goal of saving high-grade energy. most simple and cheapest solar heater flat plate collector (FPSC), which can increase thermal fluid by absorbing radiation. performance FPSC comparatively low due dilute nature insolation. advancement being ...

A Cr:LiSrAIF(6) laser has been mode locked by using a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) absorber. With the MQW absorber inside the laser cavity, Kerr lens mode locking is initiated, yielding transform-limited pulses as short as 93 fs. Pulses of 500-fs duration have also been produced by using resonant passive mode locking with the MQW absorber in an external cavity.

It is well-established that wool and glass fibers are good absorbers for noise-control in air. However, inadequate levels of stiffness and strength have limited the range of the use of such fibers. The emergence of fibrous metal foams has meant rethinking of these limitations. Fibrous metal foams can be filled, not just with air, but also with other types of fluids. This means that altering bot...

A chemical-bath treatment that does not form a CdS layer has been used on CIGS absorbers made at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The resultant cells have moderate to high efficiency, with improved current collection at shorter wavelengths. Room temperature quantum efficiency (QE) and capacitance-voltage (CV) results indicate that the different surface treatments yield electro-o...

We present two ROSAT PSPC observations of the radio-loud, lobe-dominated quasar 3C 351, which shows an ‘ionized absorber’ in its X-ray spectrum. The factor 1.7 change in flux in the ∼2 years between the observations allows a test of models for this ionized absorber. The absorption feature at ∼ 0.7 keV (quasar frame) is present in both spectra but with a lower optical depth when the source inten...