We present a self-organized method to build a stochastic Japanese word segmenter from a small number of basic words and a large amount of unsegmented training text. It consists of a word-based statistical language model, an initial estimation procedure, and a re-estimation procedure. Initial word frequencies are estimated by counting all possible longest match strings between the training text ...

Coxhead’s (2000) Academic Word List (AWL) has been frequently used in EAP classrooms and re-examined in light of various domain-specific corpora. Although well-received, the AWL has been criticized for ignoring the fact that words tend to show irregular distributions and be used in different ways across disciplines (Hyland and Tse, 2007). One such difference concerns collocations. Academic word...

................................................................................................................ 3 Academic dissertation........................................................................................... 5 Preface .................................................................................................................. 7 List of original publications ...............

When some items on a list are strengthened by extra study time or repetitions, recognition of other, unrelated, list items is not harmed (Ratcliff, Clark, & Shiffrin, 1990). Shiffrin, Ratcliff, and Clark (1990) accounted for this list-strength finding with a model assuming that different items are stored separately in memory, but that repetitions are accumulated together into a single stronger ...

In language, the relative order of words in sentences carries important grammatical functions. However, the developmental origins and the neural correlates of the ability to track word order are to date poorly understood. The current study therefore investigates the origins of infants' ability to learn about the sequential order of words, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with newborn inf...