Chronic Cu toxicity was evaluated in the euryhaline copepod Acartia tonsa. Male and female copepods were exposed (6 d) separately to different combinations of Cu concentration and water salinity (5, 15, and 30 ppt) using different routes of exposure (waterborne, waterborne plus dietborne, and dietborne). After exposure, groups of one male and three female copepods were allowed to reproduce for ...

Copepods may remotely detect predators from the velocity gradients these generate in the ambient water. Each of the different components and characteristics of a velocity gradient (acceleration, vorticity, longitudinal and shear deformation) can cause a velocity difference between the copepod and the ambient water and may, therefore, be perceived by mechanoreceptory setae. We hypothesised that ...

Microplastics (<5 mm) are ubiquitous in the global environment and increasingly recognized as a biological hazard, particularly oceans. Zooplankton, at base of marine food web, have been known to consume microplastics. However, we know little about impacts microplastics across life history stages on carbon settling. Here, investigated effects ingestion neutrally buoyant polystyrene beads (6.68 ...