The purposes of this paper are to evaluate the new version of the regional model, RegCM3, over South America for two test seasons, and to select a domain for use in an experimental nested prediction system, which incorporates RegCM3 and the European Community-Hamburg (ECHAM) general circulation model (GCM). To evaluate RegCM3, control experiments were completed with RegCM3 driven by both the NC...

An extensive intercomparison of ionospheric foF2 observations and NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) simulations has been carried out for the dip equatorial location Thiruvananthapuram. Ionosonde measurements geomagnetically quiet days 2002, 2006 2008, representing solar maximum, minimum deep conditions have used analysis. In general TIE-GCM reprodu...

[1] The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmosphere Research Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) has been converted for use on Mars. Modifications are based on schemes implemented in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Mars General Circulation Model (GCM). Validation of the Mars MM5 is conducted by comparison to the Mars GCM, examining the large-scale dynamics in the two mode...

Using General Circulation Models (GCMs) for tropical cyclone studies is difficult due to the relatively small size of the storms, the intense convection and multitudes of large-scale small-scale interactions. These are mostly unresolved at typical GCM resolutions of about 50-100 km, and still challenged at high resolutions between 12-30 km. Nevertheless, high-resolution GCMs are becoming a tool...

Soil hydrology is highly nonlinear. As surface soil becomes To characterize the subgrid variability in surface hydrology at saturated with water, excess water runs off in streams. If the the SGP site, we drive a land surface model (the parameters that influence surface soil water vary widely within Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme [BATS]; Dickinson a general circulation model (GCM) grid cel...

[1] Recent modeling results have raised doubts about the ability to deglaciate from a global glaciation at atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are realistic for a Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Here we argue that over the lifetime of a Snowball event, ice dynamics should lead to the development of a layer of continental and volcanic dust at the ice surface in the tropics that would significa...

We identify molecular nitrogen (N2) emissions in the Martian upper atmosphere using the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We report the first observations of the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands at Mars and confirm the tentative identification of the N2 Vegard-Kaplan (VK) bands. We retrieve N2 density profiles from the V...

1. introduction climatic change is one of the most important challenges human beings have confronted with in recent centuries due to its severe effects on water resources, agriculture, energy, tourism and even human bioclimatic. developing strategies, making decisions with awareness about water consumption in different parts in the future, and available water resources management require climat...

global warming caused by human activity and climate change is one of the issues attracted that has attention of many climate scientists. the relationship between climate parameters should be used in climate change studies to understand the complex nature of the environment and predict changes in the future. the reliable tool to investigate climate change effects on different systems is using th...