In this article, two historians of medieval and early modern Italy explore the impact seasonal rhythms routines on social structures practices rural communities in central northern between fourteenth seventeenth centuries. We also investigate how inhabitants those with authority over them responded to challenges opportunities posed by change. Primary sources include episcopal visitations, diary...

We present an analysis of birth seasonality in nine geographical regions within Austria for two time periods, 1881-1912 and 1947-1959. In the early period, geography, climate, and agricultural patterns were related to birth seasonality. By the latter time period, these factors were no longer related to birth seasonality. We propose a "resilience hypothesis," which suggests two levels of causal ...

Access to credit markets is generally considered a hallmark of developed economies. In the United States, most households appear to have substantial ability to borrow; indeed, households in the United States have an average of over $23,000 in nonmortgage debt alone. Nevertheless, economists often point to limited borrowing opportunities for lower-income households to explain anomalous findings ...

A deterministic model of tuberculosis without and with seasonality is designed and analyzed into its transmission dynamics. We first present and analyze a tuberculosis model without seasonality, which incorporates the essential biological and epidemiological features of the disease. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coe...

BACKGROUND Many illnesses demonstrate seasonal and geographic variations. Pharmacovigilance is unique among public health surveillance systems in terms of the clinical diversity of the events under surveillance. Since many pharmacovigilance signal detection methodologies are geared towards looking for increased frequency of spontaneous adverse drug event (ADE) reporting over variable time frame...

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to a number of intracellular pathogens in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is not known whether such an association exists with Cryptococcus neoformans. METHODS Levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were measured in 150 patients with cryptococcal meningit...

Large deep-focus earthquakes (magnitude> 7.0, depth> 500 km) have exhibited strong seasonality in their occurrence times since the beginning of global earthquake catalogs. Of 60 such events from 1900 to the present, 42 have occurred in the middle half of each year. The seasonality appears strongest in the northwest Pacific subduction zones and weakest in the Tonga region. Taken at face value, t...