Ionic liquids (ILs) are expected to have specific properties as solvents for chemical reactions in view of solution chemistry. Among physicochemical properties, liquid structure, acid–base, and electron-pair donating and accepting abilities of solvent play a crucial role in ion-solvation and acid–base, metal-ion complexation, and electrochemical reactions. Various types of ILs have been develop...

The solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) behavior and liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) abilities of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) containing (a) thymol L-menthol, (b) trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) L-menthol were evaluated. distribution coefficients (KD) determined for the solutes relevant two biorefinery cases, including formic acid, levulinic furfural, acetic propionic butyric L-lactic acid. Overall,...

Hoogsteen base pairs within duplex DNA typically are only observed in regions containing significant distortion or near sites of drug intercalation. We report here the observation of a Hoogsteen base pair embedded within undistorted, unmodified B-DNA. The Hoogsteen base pair, consisting of a syn adenine base paired with an anti thymine base, is found in the 2.1 A resolution structure of the MAT...

The bell-shaped pH rate profile for the reaction of tetrahydrofolic acid with formaldehyde to form 5, lo-methylene tetrahydrofolic acid has been shown to result from a change in rate-determining step with changing acidity. In alkaline solution, the rate-determining step is the acid-catalyzed dehydration of hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofolic acid and its conjugate base. This step is subject to genera...

Of recent years, terminology in clinical chemistry has undergone a change which is based on the more rational concept of the acidbase equilibrium. Whereas, formerly, the conventional unit of measurement for the blood components (Ca, Cl, C02, P, etc.) had been the static, undescriptive absolute weight (mg. per IOO cc.) or volume (vol. 7%) of these substances, there now is rapidly developing the ...