We have developed an immuno-polymerase chain reaction protocol which includes a highly purified streptavidin-DNA conjugate. The protocol comprises standard ELISA methodology and washing buffers together with a real-time PCR read-out system. The conjugate was employed in both indirect and capture assay formats, which can be completed in a single day using standard laboratory equipment. The immun...

The primary objective of this article is to introduce an immuno-epidemiological model of paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease). To develop the immuno-epidemiological model, we first develop an immunological model and an epidemiological model. Then, we link the two models through time-since-infection structure and parameters of the epidemiological model. We use the nested approach to compose the im...

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, immuno-inflammatory disease of the skin and joints associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Psoriasis affects approximately 2-4% of the Caucasian population worldwide. The precise immuno-inflammatory mechanisms leading to skin psoriasis are still to be fully defined. There is emerging evidence supporting the existence of a relationship between chan...

Stress is known to suppress or dysregulate immune function and increase susceptibility to disease. Paradoxically, the short-term fight-or-flight stress response is one of nature's fundamental defense mechanisms that galvanizes the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems into action to enable survival. Therefore, it is unlikely that short-term stress would suppress immune fun...

Abbreviations used are: ~, about; α, anti-; ∆, delta (deletion); Ab or Abs, antibody or antibodies; Cav-1, caveolin-1; CS, cigarette smoke; EDAC, 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; HAE, human airway epithelial; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; IB, or IBed, immuno-blotting or imm...

Codon optimization enhances the efficiency of DNA expression vectors used in DNA vaccination and gene therapy by increasing protein expression. Additionally, certain nucleotide motifs have experimentally been shown to be immuno-stimulatory while certain others immuno-suppressive. In this paper, we present algorithms to locate a given set of immuno-modulatory motifs in the DNA expression vectors...

The most cpmmon parameters in the specific protein field, namely the immunoglobulins G, A and M were investigated on the recently developed Immuno Video Nephelometer System (IVNS). This System consists of the nephelometer, a microprocessor controlled program and a monitor screen, where instructions, Standard curve and results are displayed. Scattered light of immuno-complexes is measured at equ...

We investigated the effects of estradiol on bioactive luteinizing hormone (LH) release in normal men using two complementary strategies: (i) steady state intravenous infusions of estradiol at its endogenous production rate, and (ii) oral administration of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen HCl. Immunoreactive and biologically active LH were monitored by radioimmunoassay and the rat interstitial cell t...

aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), a result of human hiv (human immunodeficinency virus) infection, is one of the most troublesome world's health problems. extensive researches to find effective drugs for its treatment are running fast in huge capacities. imod (immuno-modulator drug) is the name of an herbal drug that has modulatory effects of immune system. as a goal of this research,...

Background Chlamydia trachomatis is considered as an important cause of preventable sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. It is known to be of an obligate intracellular nature and enters its target cells via an endocytic process. As major outer membrane protein (MOMP) is one of the main candidates for the attachment and entry of chlamydia to the host cells we have tried to label the epitopes...