Type 1 diabetics must inject exogenous insulin or insulin analogues one or more times daily. The timing and dosage of insulin administration have been a critical research area since the invention of insulin analogues. Several pharmacokinetical models have been proposed, and some are applied clinically in modeling various insulin therapies. However, their plasma insulin concentration must be com...

Sequences of the untranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends (5'UTR and 3'UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome are highly conserved and contain cis-acting RNA elements for HCV RNA replication. The HCV 5'UTR consists of two distinct RNA elements, a short 5'-proximal stem-loop RNA element (nucleotides 1 to 43) and a longer element of internal ribosome entry site. To determine the sequenc...

PURPOSE To localize cis-acting elements involved in the expression of the cone-specific G-protein, cone transducin alpha-subunit (GNAT2). METHODS In this study, the authors used a genomic clone, HGLG3, to sequence 3139 base pairs of the upstream region of the GNAT2 gene and to localize cis-acting elements involved in the expression of GNAT2. Upstream elements were localized functionally by tr...