Preenvelopes of acts over a monoid are defined by analogy with Enochs’ definition preenvelopes modules. Provided that it is closed for pure subacts, class shown to be preenveloping precisely when under direct products. Examples such classes include absolutely pure, weakly f-injective and p-injective acts.

lthough fuzzy set theory and  sheaf theory have been developed and studied independently,  ulrich hohle shows that a large part of fuzzy set  theory  is in fact a subfield of sheaf theory. many authors have studied mathematical structures, in particular, algebraic structures, in both  categories of these generalized (multi)sets. using hohle's idea, we show that for a (universal) algebra $a$, th...