BACKGROUND One of the basic principles in the primary survey of a trauma patient is immobilisation of the cervical spine till cleared of any injury. Lateral cervical spine radiograph is one of the important initial radiographic assessments. More than often additional radiographs like the Swimmer's view are necessary for adequate visualisation of the cervical spine. How good is the Swimmer's vie...

We argue that a comprehensive model of graph comprehension must include spatial cognition. We propose that current models of graph comprehension have not needed to incorporate spatial processes, because most of the task/graph combinations used in the psychology laboratory are very simple and can be addressed using perceptual processes. However, data from our own research in complex domains that...

Abstract This study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). Therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. The results indicate that hi...

conclusions those with inadequate health literacy had lower kidney knowledge and lower adherence compared to those with adequate health literacy. after controlling for education, health literacy was significantly associated with kidney knowledge and adherence. patients with higher health literacy had higher kidney knowledge and adherence behaviors. in addition, knowledge was a mediator of healt...

Program Comprehension is a key factor in providing effective software maintenance and enabling successful evolution of software systems. The objective of this research is to provide a framework and mechanism to facilitate the understanding of large software systems. There exist a number of theories and models of Program Comprehension where each favours a different approach to comprehension. It ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the reading comprehension of health checkup reports in the context of health literacy (HL) in Japanese people. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted among 424 Japanese adults aged 35-59 years. Participants were asked to read specifically designed health checkup reports and then answer a series of questions to examine whether they accomplished the fundamental purpose...

BACKGROUND Despite advances in the treatment of acute leukemia, many patients need to undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Recent studies show that early lymphocyte recovery may be a predictor of relapse and survival in these patients. OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of lymphocyte recovery on Days +30 and +100 post-transplant on the occurrence of relapse and survival. METHODS...

Many children learning English as an additional language (EAL) show reading comprehension difficulties despite adequate decoding. However, the relationship between early language and reading comprehension in this group is not fully understood. The language and literacy skills of 80 children learning English from diverse language backgrounds and 80 monolingual English-speaking peers with languag...