BACKGROUND AND AIMS The formation of root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) reduces root respiration and nutrient content by converting living tissue to air volume. It was hypothesized that RCA increases soil resource acquisition by reducing the metabolic and phosphorus cost of soil exploration. METHODS To test the quantitative logic of the hypothesis, SimRoot, a functional-structural plant model wit...

Bulk modulus of elasticity (ɛ), depicting the flexibility of plant tissues, is recognized as an important component in maintaining internal water balance. Elevated ɛ and comparatively low osmotic potential (Ψπ) may work in concert to effectively maintain vital cellular water content. This concept, termed the 'cell water conservation hypothesis', may foster tolerance for lower soil-water potenti...

severe hepatic failure accounts for many deaths and raises medical costs each year worldwide. currently, liver transplantation is the most common therapeutic option for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease. due to decrease in the number of organ donors, many in need of transplantation continue to remain on the waiting list. hepatic tissue engineering is a step toward alleviating the ne...

introduction: organ donation is one of the surviving procedures which can increase the life expectancy of end-stage patients. inappropriate beliefs and attitude of individuals to organ donation, their poor knowledge, and the socio-economic level are one of the most important barriers for organ donation. therefore, here knowledge and attitude levels among relatives of trauma patients regarding o...