BACKGROUND Atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathies (BSEs), classified as H-type and L-type BSE based on the Western immunoblot profiles, are naturally occurring diseases in cattle, which are phenotypically different to classical BSE. Transmission studies in cattle using the intracerebral route resulted in disease where the phenotypes were maintained irrespective of BSE type but clinically a...

In 2008, a suspected outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) was reported on a farm in the Bela-Bela area, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Seven calves died on the affected dairy farm, where no RVF vaccination programme was practised. No apparent clinical disease was reported in the other 300 cattle (33 calves included) or 200 sheep on the farm. During the outbreak, blood samples from 77.7% (23...

This communication reports final observations on experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) from mule deer to cattle by the intracerebral route. Thirteen calves were inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from mule deer naturally affected with CWD. Three other calves were kept as uninoculated controls. The experiment was terminated 6 years after inoculation. During tha...

Examination of intrafamilial contacts among the first degree relatives of 400 hanseniasis patients, revealed an additional 101 cases. Distribution pattern of disease types detected in the contacts, in relation to that found in the index cases, are analysed. An attempt has been made to evaluate the role of genetic factor in determining the type of hanseniasis in a patient.

this paper aims at describing the mechanism of german loanwords adaptation with respect to constraints of persian language and within ot framework. consequently the adaptation of consonant clusters and diphthongs as well as the phonemes substituted in loanwords will be examined. prince and smolensky’s (1993) optimality theory with its key notions of faithfulness and markedness constraints is su...

the physiological study was carried out to determine the relation between of risk factors and occurrence of infectious mastitis disease that associated in 453 indigenous dairy cattle in farms nearby the tehran. milk samples were collected for mastitis detection by california mastitis test (cmt) .the analysis of results revealed significant association between body weight, udders depth, teats le...

Acknowledgments We thank André Luiz Correa de Sousa, Márcia Leão, and Anna Elizabeth Martins Alves for collecting the samples and data from the patients; Sabrina Sampaio Bandeira for the patient impairment evaluation; Domingos Diniz, Miguel Canto, and the Programa de Ação Interdisciplinar at Oriximiná for logistical support and fruitful discussions; John Spencer for supplying the native PGL-I a...