OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of attempted vaginal birth after cesarean delivery compared with elective repeat cesarean delivery. STUDY DESIGN We performed an historic cohort analysis of women with a single prior cesarean delivery who were delivered at our institution during 1999. Inclusion criteria were > or =36 weeks' gestation and carry...

Many gram-negative pathogens employ a type III secretion injectisome to translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. While the structure of the distal "needle complex" is well documented, the composition and role of the functionally important cytosolic complex remain less well understood. Using functional fluorescent fusions, we found that the C-ring, an essential and conserved cyt...

BACKGROUND Abnormal uterine bleeding is considered as one of the most common problems among women. The therapy is incomplete without knowing the underlying pathology. OBJECTIVES To determine the types and frequency of endometrial pathologies in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding at Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu university Hospital. METHODS This is retrospective study total 10...

It has been revealed that posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common delayed complication of cataract surgery. On the other hand, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is accepted as standard treatment for PCO. Although, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is a noninvasive and safe treatment it carries risk of some complications. Using less total energy and performing smaller capsulotomies are effective ...

Recently, lipid-raft-based subdomains within the plasma membrane of living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were visualized using green fluorescent protein fusions, and non-overlapping subdomains containing either Pma1p or Can1p were distinguished. In this study, the long-term stability of the subdomains was investigated. Experiments with latrunculin A and nocodazole ruled out the involvement of ...

Postmenopausal bleeding represents one of the most common reasons for referral to gynaecological services. A retrospective review was made of the hospital records of 482 women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding to a referral hospital in Amman, Jordan. Histopathological reports and patients' records were reviewed and different causes of bleeding were identified and related to patients' age....

Several of the authors point out that while the origins of medical holism (as an oppositional movement) go back to the late nineteenth century, it attracted particular attention between the world wars. Although surprisingly few of them attempt to explain this renaissance, in aggregate these essays none the less tell us quite a lot about the conditions which fostered interwar holism. To begin wi...

ture of morale and on the science of selection?putting the right men in the right jobs. This work naturally raised some antagonism?like other psychiatric researches?and it was perhaps not surprising that after the war there was a return in the Services to previous arrangements, and less use was made of psychiatrists. There were in any case fewer in the Services to be used, for the majority had ...

OBJECTIVE Allium elburzense is an endemic plant of the family Amaryllidaceae that grows wild in northern Iran with some nutritional and medicinal applications. The present study was aimed to investigate the fibrinolytic and antioxidant effects of A. elburzense bulb extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydroalcoholic, aqueous, chloroformic and butanolic extracts were evaluated in this research. In ...

Avian influenza A viruses often do not propagate efficiently in mammalian cells. The viral polymerase protein PB2 is important for this host restriction, with amino-acid polymorphisms at residue 627 and other positions acting as 'signatures' of avian- or human-adapted viruses. Restriction is hypothesized to result from differential interactions (either positive or inhibitory) with unidentified ...