Approximately half the world's population now has replacement-level fertility or below. The UK experience in accommodating to a changing dependency ratio provides some generalizable insights. A mechanistic approach assuming a fixed retirement age and a need to raise fertility or increase immigration in order to maintain pensions at a fixed proportion of the gross domestic product (GDP) is overs...

Abstract Statistics Indonesia has released the result of 2020 census. The outcome census is principal as it becomes basic data for latest projection Indonesia’s population. This research about population using system dynamic conducted to know proportion and demographic bonus. researchers use dynamics modeling project by projecting based on three age groups: young (0-14 years old), adult (15-39 ...