OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to search the inner world of postmenopausal women in late-middle age who are facing senescence and live in small and medium-sized cities. METHODS The methods of the study were the investigation and classification of answers to questions according to a declarative ethnography analysis. The questions asked to late-middle-aged women living in small and med...

Participants in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study performed reaction time tasks and took the Alice Heim 4 Part 1 test (AH4) of intelligence twice, 13 years apart. Cross-lagged associations between speed of processing and AH4 were examined using latent variables in structural equation modeling. The stability coefficients of the latent traits of processing speed and of AH4 score across 13 year...

Models of human mortality include a factor that summarises intrinsic differences in individual rates of ageing, commonly called frailty. Frailty also describes a clinical syndrome of apparent vulnerability. In a representative, cross-sectional, Canadian survey (n = 66,589) we calculated a frailty index as the mean accumulation of deficits and previously showed it to increase exponentially with ...

l Smoking is the biggest killer in the UK The causal link between smoking and increased morbidity and mortality is firmly established: 120,000 people die each year in the UK as a result of smoking, about half of them in middle age or earlier1. Smokers are less fit than nonsmokers, they suffer more from both minor and major illness and they feel less healthy2. They also cost each health authorit...

Exposure of rodents to a stimulating environment has beneficial effects on some cognitive functions that are impaired during physiological aging, and especially spatial reference memory. The present study investigated whether environmental enrichment rescues these functions in already declining subjects and/or protects them from subsequent decline. Subgroups of 17-mo-old female rats with unimpa...

The aim of the present work is to present the history of the bioindication at a glance. The major stages of natural sciences in general and bioindication in detail, starting from the ancient times through middle ages and times of scientific revolution to the present time are shown, as well as the past and present examples of using living organisms (especially lichens) to the indication of envir...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration of an investigational, single-use, needle-free, drug system (ALGRX 3268) that delivers powdered lidocaine into the epidermis for the rapid production of local anesthesia among pediatric subjects undergoing venipuncture. METHODS Children 3 to 18 years of age were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 treatments, ie,...

We have previously reported a strong positive association between average day time and nighttime heart rate measured during 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and usual alcohol intake. Acute alcohol consumption has been previously described to reduce ECG indices of vagal activity, and men who are severely dependent on alcohol have been reported to have significantly lower indices of c...

Although research investigating ethnic differences in mental health has increased in recent years, we know relatively little about how mental health trajectories vary across ethnic groups. Do these differences occur at certain ages but not others? We investigate ethnic variation in trajectories of depressive symptoms, and we examine the extent to which disadvantages in family background, high s...

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the effects of a bereavement intervention program on levels of depression and life satisfaction in middle aged widows in Korea. METHODS A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control-group pretest-posttest was used. The subjects (control group, n = 10; intervention group, n = 17) were bereaved less than 6 months in G City and J Province, Kor...