Hierarchies play a fundamental role in knowledge representation and reasoning. They have been considered as the structures created by abstraction processes. According to Smith and Smith (1977), an abstraction process is an instinctively known human activity, and abstraction processes and their properties are generally used for multilevel object representation in information systems. An abstract...

Background & Aims: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-β plaques in the brain. Although several studies have been done for finding effective medicines in the treatment of this disease, a drug that inhibits amyloid β aggregation and ameliorates the disorder has not been approved so far. One important therapeutic approach is use...

The electrical power system is evolving in a way that requires new measures for ensuring its secure and reliable operation. Demand-side aggregation represents one of the more interesting ways to provide ancillary services by coordinated management multitude different distributed resources. In this framework, aggregators play main role effectiveness action resources, usually becoming mediators r...

A rapidly increasing share of renewable energy resources (RES) poses enormous challenges with respect to a market and grid integration in Germany. Whereas market related integration is encouraged through additional incentives, grid conformity is realized by means of requirements on voltage and frequency support required for RES and decentralized generation (DG). Nevertheless, grid restrictions ...

Abstract: The subtraction operation of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) has been scarcely used for practical applications since it was introduced. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an aggregation operator based on the subtraction operation of IFSs for engineering applications. Then, clay-brick selection is an important decision-making problem for better building construction. To handle the ...

fuzzy relation inequalities based on max-f composition are discussed, where f is a binary aggregation on [0,1]. for a fixed fuzzy relation inequalities system $ a circ^{f}textbf{x}leqtextbf{b}$, we characterize all matrices $ a^{'} $ for which the solution set of the system $ a^{' } circ^{f}textbf{x}leqtextbf{b}$ is the same as the original solution set. similarly, for a fixed matrix ...

Wireless sensor networks are now in widespread use to monitor regions, detect events and acquire information. Since the deployed nodes are separated, they need to cooperatively communicate sensed data to the base station. Hence, transmissions are a very energy-consuming operation. To reduce the amount of sending data, an aggregation approach can be applied along the path from sensors to the sin...

Packet classification is important in fulfilling the requirements of new services such as policy-based routing in next generation networks. In this paper, we propose a novel bit vector based two-dimensional packet classification algorithm called Group Bit Vector. The key feature of the proposed algorithm is its ability to set the length of the bit vector to perform AND operation (the operation ...

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at increased risk of bleeding due to multifactorial coagulopathies. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the changes in platelet count and function during and after surgery as well as determining the association of the platelet dysfunction with bleeding and transfusion requirements in these patients.    Methods: A total o...

Applications for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an active field of research with the potential to significantly contribute to driver safety, traffic efficiency, and comfort. Messages are typically exchanged and forwarded between vehicles using wireless communication, thereby creating a wireless ad hoc network. Especially traffic efficiency applications require the dissemination of infor...