U bladder cancer is a common disease. In Iraq, it represents 12.3% of cancer cases among men, and 4.9% of cancer cases among women.1 Cytological examination of urinary specimens is a relatively simple diagnostic procedure that can aid in the diagnosis of disease anywhere in the urinary tract; and nowadays, examination of urine cytology is regarded as part of the routine investigation of patient...

The cervix is commonly affected with various conditions including disorders of epithelial maturation, hyperplasia, benign tumors, dysplasia, and malignant neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas at all sites, evolve through a sequence of changes occurring in the normal squamous epithelium, ranging from dysplasia of varying degree to frank malignancy. Cell proliferation is an important feature of dy...

Traditional approaches to pathological diagnosis include macroscopic examination and formalin fixation with the preparation of paraffin sections stained with a variety of histochemical techniques. These routine approaches however may be disappointing in the assessment of many conditions and occasionally fail to render a precise diagnosis or provide adequate prognostic information. Consequently ...

Neurotoxic lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway model the deficits found in Parkinson's disease. This study used stereology and a novel staining method to examine the effects of a partial unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion on substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine neuron number and morphology in rats. Adult male Long-Evans rats were subjected to unilateral lesion of t...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to report on the diagnostic accuracy of AgNOR-analysis as an adjunctive diagnostic tool of conventional oral exfoliative cytology taken from suspicious lesions in our clinic. STUDY DESIGN Cytological diagnoses obtained from brush biopsies of macroscopically suspicious lesions of the oral mucosa from 75 patients (final diagnoses: 53 histologica...

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of counting nucleolar organiser region associated proteins (AgNORs) in the management of anal squamous neoplasia. Method: Using a silver staining technique for NOR associated proteins, 32 routinely processed paraffin wax embedded sections of anal epithelium were assessed. These consisted of normal anal epithelium (n = 9), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grad...

In order to assess the proliferative behaviour of ameloblastoma epithelium nine cases this neoplasm were retrieved from files Oral Pathology Service laboratory Rio Grande do Sul Federal University School Dentistry. Two proliferation marker techniques employed: AgNor - argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions staining and cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical assessment technique. Each...

BACKGROUND Apart from a number of cases of inaccurate prognosis in regard to individual patients, the inter- and intra-observer variability of the classical, histological prognosis parameters have been under repeated discussion. For this reason, a long-term analysis was carried out in regard to overall survival by means of automated microscopic image analysis of the nucleolar organizer regions ...