U bladder cancer is a common disease. In Iraq, it represents 12.3% of cancer cases among men, and 4.9% of cancer cases among women.1 Cytological examination of urinary specimens is a relatively simple diagnostic procedure that can aid in the diagnosis of disease anywhere in the urinary tract; and nowadays, examination of urine cytology is regarded as part of the routine investigation of patient...

Purpose: While grading the tumor, histopathological evaluation of invasive front of the tumor is important as the morphological features registered reflect the important biological events within the tumor cells. This study was undertaken to determine the prognostic value of malignancy grading and Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (AgNOR) method in assessment of proliferative activity at t...

Maxillary osteosarcomas are a relatively frequent malignant tumor of the oral cavity. Similarly to other skeletal osteosarcomas, they exhibit different cellular differentiation patterns, i.e. chondroblastic, osteoblastic, or fibroblastic. Although their histological features resemble those of osteosarcomas of the long bones, their pattern of evolution usually differs. Morphometric variations in...

The AgNOR argyrophil technique was applied to clear cut examples of renal adenoma (n = 7), clear cell carcinoma (n = 9), and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (n = 5). There was no significant difference between mean AgNOR counts per cell in adenomas and carcinomas, supporting the idea that there is a continuous spectrum of kidney tumours. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and clear cell carc...

Active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are affine to silver (Ag) and therefore visible in silver stained cell specimens. These so called AgNORs are of diagnostic relevance for early cancer diagnosis. Therefore we seek to automatically detect and segment these dark, spot-like regions. This is challenging, since the contrast between the AgNORs and the nucleus background varies heavily from cel...

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were determined in 94 pleural, pericardial and peritoneal effusions. The results were correlated with cytologic diagnosis to determine the diagnostic potential of this technique. Cytologically the number of normal, reactive and malignant effusions were 32, 28 and 34 respectively. The mean AgNOR counts for normal, reactive and malignant spec...

BACKGROUND The numbers of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) per cell has been considered as an indicator of the cellular proliferative activity. A study was carried out to examine whether AgNOR numbers relate to the growth rate in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. METHODS AgNORs were stained by a one step silver method, and examined in representative paraffin sections from 45 cases of s...

Objectives To evaluate the number of AgNORs per nucleus and the expression of Ki-67 at the tumor invasion front (TIF) in relation to clinical parameters (TNM), TIF classification and the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in an Uruguayan population. Material and Methods This study was conducted through a retrospective survey from 2000 to 2010 at the National Institute of Cancer Montev...

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of counting nucleolar organiser region associated proteins (AgNORs) in the management of anal squamous neoplasia. Method: Using a silver staining technique for NOR associated proteins, 32 routinely processed paraffin wax embedded sections of anal epithelium were assessed. These consisted of normal anal epithelium (n = 9), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) grad...

The nucleolar organizer regions are used as a new marker in proliferation cell. AgNOR are loops of DNA actively transcribing to ribosomal RNA and they are associated with nonhistone proteins with strong argyrophil. In the present study we correlated the relationships between number and size of AgNOR measured by an automatic image analysis using CAS-100, in eleven breast carcinomas in different ...