a r t i c l e i n f o We analyze the market efficiency of 25 commodity futures across various groups—metals, energies, soft commodities , grains and other agricultural commodities. To do so, we utilize the recently proposed Efficiency Index to find out that the most efficient among all of the analyzed commodities is heating oil, closely followed by WTI crude oil, cotton, wheat, and coffee. On t...

Rural history and implementing agri-policy are mirrored in an agricultural landscape. No doubt, the basic structure and composition of agricultural landscape depends on local climatic and natural conditions. There is a close connection between agricultural landscape management and biodiversity management at the gene, species and habitat level. The purpose of this paper is to present four ways t...

The Innovation Fund for Agricultural Transformation (IFAT) is a proposed in-country agricultural funding initiative to support the transformation of the agriculture sector in the developing countries in Africa, through the Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) concept. The IAR4D concept fosters the generation of innovations, sustainability of smallholder farmer’s livelihood, ...

the effect of symmetric (non-symmetric) foreign exchange rate shocks on iranian agricultural import and exports was explored throughout the current research.. time series of 1973-2007 along with hodrick and prescott filter method were employed. the results as obtained through vector error correction and johnson model indicated that positive (negative) shocks introduce positive (negative) effect...

• Incorporation of price risk into decision making process is fundamentally important. Both historical price information and projected future price come into play. Due to the usual lengthy gap between planning and harvest, expected price is the dominant factor. Given that many agricultural commodities are represented in the future and option markets, it is a common practice to infer the collect...