Ten thousand years ago human societies around the globe began to transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture. By 4000 years ago, ancient peoples had completed the domestication of all major crop species upon which human survival is dependent, including rice, wheat, and maize. Recent research has begun to reveal the genes responsible for this agricultural revolution. The list of genes t...

during recent years, been fuelled by explosive, and often unsustainable expansion in groundwater irrigation. Bihar however is not one of these. The state has abundant groundwater; however, much of this remains untapped because of lack of electricity and high price of diesel. Providing farmers reliable and affordable energy for groundwater irrigation is central to kickstarting Bihar’s green revo...

1 A productivity growth rates in Africa have lagged behind the rest of the world due to lack of investment in agriculture in general and in agricultural research and development (R&D) in particular.1,2 Low productivity has especially affected basic African food crops such as sorghum, millet, cassava, sweet potato and cowpea, which are barely traded inter nationally and which benefited very litt...

‘Proto-industrialization’ is the name given to the massive expansion of exportoriented handicrafts which took place in many parts of Europe between the 16th and the 19th centuries. An influential theory holds that these proto-industries generated the capital, labour, entrepreneurship, agricultural commercialization, and consumer demand needed for factory industrialization. Protoindustrializatio...

1. Evolution of Dietary Culture 1.1. Hunting and Gathering 1.2. The Era of Agricultural Food Production 1.3. The Middle Ages—Agriculture and Dietary Habits 1.4. The Industrial Revolution and Dietary Habits 2. Food and Religion 2.1. Western Religions 2.1.1. Christianity 2.1.2. Islam 2.1.3 Judaism 2.2. Eastern Religions 2.2.1 Buddhism 2.2.2. Hinduism 3. Food Habits in Different Regions 3.1. Asian...

The transition from a hunter-gather economy to agricultural production, which made possible the endogenous technological progress that ultimately led to the industrial revolution, is one of the most important events in the thousands of years of humankind’s economic development. In this paper we present theory and evidence showing that exogenous geography and initial condition biogeography exert...

After the success of the Green Revolution in conquering famine in India, Pakistan and elsewhere in Asia in the 1960s, the world entered a prolonged period of plentiful and cheap food. As documented by Roger Thurow and Scott Kilman in their book Enough: Why the World’s Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty, this abundance shifted attention away from further agricultural development, particularly fo...

Please Develo Summary. — More than 10,000 years after the Agricultural Revolution started, millions of rural smallholders across the developing world may still derive as much income from foraging forests and wildlands as from cultivating crops. These steady environmental income flows come often from public forests, and are extracted by men and women alike. However, inflexible supplies from natu...

Contemporary agricultural development has changed in significant ways since the green revolution (GR). Its goals have expanded beyond national to achievement of environmental and social goals, and, notably, targeted gains for marginalized farmers. Moreover, advances molecular breeding tools used achieve such goals. This research examines a prominent biotechnology program, pest resistant (Bt) co...

Nowadays, rural depopulation is one of the biggest problems in developed and developing countries, especially due to COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic impacts various sectors, economic sector. However, development 4.0 Industrial Revolution forced all including agriculture, adapt take advantage internet-based digital technology by smart agriculture. Therefore, objective this study analyze agricul...