We studied the natural history of brain air embolism by observing bubbles in the pial vessels of rabbits and the effect of different doses of intracarotid air on brain function and blood flow. We identified and then studied two doses of air; 25 microliters in five rabbits caused rapid bubble transit, recovery, and then deterioration in brain function and blood flow and 400 microliters in five r...

Bubble plume models are applied to study the de-stratification of lake water, aeration of reservoirs, wastewater treatment, and gas injection into liquid metals. Several existing models exemplify numerical modeling as problem-specific art, solve a mixture momentum equation, and have limitations in the availability of documentation, definition of boundary conditions, and postand pre-processing c...

BACKGROUND Anaesthesia using xenon may be contraindicated in some situations because of its diffusion into intravascular bubbles. The expansion of air bubbles in water equilibrated with either nitrous oxide or xenon was studied. METHODS Equilibrated water was transferred to a stirred vial, closed except for a long, narrow-bore tube. Injection of an air bubble caused displacement of water alon...

Needle-free jet injections are actuated by a pressure impulse that can be delivered different mechanisms to generate high-speed jets (Vj~O102 m/s). During filling and transportation of disposable cartridges ampoules, bubbles form, which problematic especially for viscous fluids. Here, we report on the effect location size entrapped air pockets in used spring-powered injections. As pass through ...

Study of interaction forces between mineral particles and air bubbles is a key to understanding flotation processes. Measurement of such interaction forces has only recently been made possible with the introduction of the atomic force microscope (AFM) and the colloidal probe technique. Using AFM, interactions between a single particle attached to the AFM cantilever and an air bubble placed on a...

We performed laser wakefield electron acceleration experiments using laser powers up to 100 TW in the ‘bubble’ regime. The measured angularly resolved energy spectra of the electron beam showed evidence of betatron oscillations during the acceleration process. Through diagnosis of these oscillations, electron injection into the wakefield could be controlled through adjustment of the shape of th...

Two common sources of error in blood pH and blood gas analysis were studied. The effect of delay in estimation was studied in 10 volunteers and 40 patients. Syringes were stored at 0 degree C, (crushed ice), 4 degrees C (refrigerator) and 22 degrees C (room temperature). The pressure of oxygen (PO2) fell significantly by 20 minutes at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C but did not change significantl...

The effect of humidity on the film stability of Bovine Lipid Extract Surfactant (BLES) is studied using the captive bubble method. It is found that adsorbed BLES films show distinctly different stability patterns at two extreme relative humidities (RHs), i.e., bubbles formed by ambient air and by air prehumidified to 100% RH at 37 degrees C. The differences are illustrated by the ability to mai...

BACKGROUND Although controversial, paradoxical embolism via patent foramen ovale (PFO) may account for some of the migraine attacks in a subset of migraine with aura (MA) patients. Induction of MA attacks with air bubble injection during transcranial Doppler ultrasound in MA patients with PFO supports this view. It is likely that cerebral embolism in patients with right-to-left shunt induces bi...