This study evaluated the use of a system that delivers a small field of local, directed air from a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter to reduce airborne particulate and airborne bacteria in the surgical field during total hip arthroplasty. Thirty-six patients were randomized into 3 groups: with directed air flow, with the directed air flow system present but turned off, and control. ...

This work proposes a novel market-based air traffic flow control model considering competitive airlines in air traffic network. In the flow model, an agent based framework for resources (link/time pair) pricing is described. Resource agent and auctioneer for groups of resources are also introduced to simulate the flow management in Air Traffic Control (ATC). Secondly, the distributed group pric...

Thermal modeling of an automotive cabin was performed in this paper to predict the inside cabin air temperature. To implement this task, thermal and ventilation loads were estimated and the mass and energy balance conservation equations for dry air and water vapor with considering a new parameter (air circulation ratio) as well as the balance equations of internal components of a cabin were de...

In-situ air sparging has evolved as an innovative technique for soil and groundwater remediation impacted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including chlorinated solvents. These may exist as non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) or dissolved in groundwater. This study assessed: (1) how air injection rate affects the mass removal of dissolved phase contamination, (2) the effect of induced ground...

The paper deals with the robust control of air-flow in air-heating set. The identification is perrfomred using step responses and approximation via second order system. The controller is designed using the structured singular value (SSV or μ) and algebraic approach. Since the cost function is nonconvex the optimization cannot be done using standard tools. Hence an evolutionary algorithm Differe...

PURPOSE Air embolism is a rare but potentially fatal complication that may occur during the insertion of a central venous catheter. A valved peelable introducer sheath was developed to reduce the likelihood of an air embolus. This study was performed to determine the rate of air flow through this valved introducer sheath under different conditions that may be encountered in a clinical setting. ...

A 3D computational electromagnetic-thermal coupled analysis was performed to analyze the effects of auxiliary cooling fans, called air-gap fans, on winding cooling in a large-capacity, high-speed induction motor. A novel non-uniform iron loss distribution mapping method considering time and rotation period was introduced to provide more accurate thermal modeling. Winding cooling performance in ...

BACKGROUND A pleural drainage system must be capable of efficiently evacuating the air or fluids from the pleural cavity so that adequate lung reexpansion can take place. The air flow and negative pressure of the system will depend on the particular design of each model. This experimental study analyzes the specifications and performance of the pleural drainage systems currently on the market. ...

BACKGROUND CPAP is frequently used in prehospital and emergency settings. An air-flow output minimum of 60 L/min and a constant positive pressure are 2 important features for a successful CPAP device. Unlike hospital CPAP devices, which require electricity, CPAP devices for ambulance use need only an oxygen source to function. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare on a bench model th...